Question

1. all of the following made it difficult for african americans to gain equality except

a. blacks were in the minority population in the states with the most discrimination.
b. lower-income whites were worried that gains by blacks would be at their expense.
c. because blacks could not vote, they had little influence in policy - making.
d. racism by whites blocked blacks efforts to gain equality.
e. until the early 1960s, most citizens of the north did little to help blacks in the south gain equality.

1. the federal government took which of the following measures to end southern resistance to desegregation?

i. sent in the national guard to force schools to desegregate.
ii. closed southern school systems until they agreed to desegregate.
iii. provided financial aid for schools that integrated.
iv. withheld aid from schools that refused to desegregate.
a. i and ii
b. i, ii, and iii
c. i and iii
d. iii and iv
e. i, iii, and iv

1. amanda tells bob that he will be promoted if he has a sexual relationship with her. is the company that employs amanda and bob responsible for amandas behavior?

a. no, because the behavior is not against the law.
b. yes, because this is hostile environment sexual harassment and employers are strictly liable.
c. it depends upon whether or not the company has been informed of the harassment in a timely manner.
d. yes, because this is quid pro quo sexual harassment and the employer is strictly liable.
e. no, because amanda is responsible for her own behavior and should not blame it on her employer.

1. according to the u.s. supreme court, may the boy scouts revoke the membership of an openly gay eagle scout?

a. no, because all individuals have the right to privacy.
b. yes, because the boy scouts have a right to freedom of association.
c. no, because the law protects people from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
d. no, because the fourteenth amendments equal protection clause applies to homosexuals.
e. no, because the fourteenth amendment provides a right of privacy that prevents the boy scouts from asking about a members sexual orientation.

Explanation:

Question 20

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option a: Being a minority in discriminatory states would hinder equality.
• Option b: Lower - income whites' fear of loss would oppose black gains.
• Option c: The description is incorrect. In many cases, even with voting restrictions, there were other forms of influence, and this is the exception.
• Option d: White racism clearly blocked black equality efforts.
• Option e: Northern inaction in the early 60s was a barrier.

• I: The National Guard was sent (e.g., Little Rock Nine) to enforce desegregation.
• II: The federal government did not close school systems; this is incorrect.
• III: Financial aid was provided to integrated schools.
• IV: Aid was withheld from non - desegregating schools. So I, III, and IV are correct.

Amanda's action is quid pro quo harassment (offering promotion for sexual favors). Employers are strictly liable for quid pro quo harassment. Option a is wrong as it is illegal. Option b is wrong as it's quid pro quo, not hostile environment. Option c is wrong as strict liability applies. Option e is wrong as employer is liable.

Answer:

a. Blacks were in the minority population in the states with the most discrimination.

Question 21