Question

1. who was most responsible for reforming the monasteries in england during the 10th century?

a. st. peter damian
b. st. odilo
c. st. dunstan
d. st. thomas becket
e. st. anselm

1. which of the following men did not serve as abbot of cluny?

a. st. berno
b. st. odo
c. st. odilo
d. st. hugh
e. st. peter damian

1. which pope established the churchs current rules for papal elections?

a. nicholas i
b. nicholas ii
c. gregory vii
d. leo ix
e. victor ii

1. which of the following is not true of pope gregory vii before and during his papacy?

a. his given name was hildebrand.
b. he served as personal advisor to several popes.
c. he was a monk at cluny.
d. he had an especially good relationship with the holy roman emperors.
e. he believed that lay investiture was the root of all the churchs problems.

1. why was pope gregory vii forced to flee rome?

a. the vikings invaded italy.
b. the muslims invaded italy.
c. the normans invaded rome.
d. the saxons attacked rome.
e. the germans attacked rome.

Explanation:

1. St. Dunstan was a key figure in the monastic reform movement in 10th - century England. He worked to restore monastic discipline and promote Benedictine monasticism.
2. St. Peter Damian was a cardinal and a reformer but did not serve as the abbot of Cluny. The abbots of Cluny included St. Berno, St. Odo, St. Odilo, and St. Hugh.
3. Pope Nicholas II established the rules for papal elections in 1059 with the bull In Nomine Domini.
4. Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) had a contentious relationship with the Holy Roman Emperors, especially Henry IV. He did not have an especially good relationship with them.
5. Pope Gregory VII was forced to flee Rome due to the German attack led by Henry IV.

Answer:

1. c. St. Dunstan
2. e. St. Peter Damian
3. b. Nicholas II
4. d. He had an especially good relationship with the Holy Roman Emperors.
5. e. The Germans attacked Rome.