Question

write the formulas for the following compounds:
ionic compounds: do not forget to switch the valence charges!!!
acids: go through the flow chart from the bottom!!!
covalent compounds: read the prefixes!!!

lithium oxide \tli⁺o²⁻ \tionic/covalent/acid \tli₂o

calcium bromide \t\t

nitric acid \t\t

phosphoric acid \t\t

sulfur hexafluoride \t\t

copper (ii) sulfate \t\t

ammonium nitrate \t\t

hydrogen fluoride \t\t

hydrofluoric acid \t\t

potassium hydroxide \t\t

sodium phosphate \t\t

dinitrogen dichloride \t\t

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze calcium bromide (ionic compound)

Calcium has a charge of \(Ca^{2+}\), bromide (Br⁻) has a charge of \(-1\). To balance charges, we need 2 Br⁻ for 1 \(Ca^{2+}\). So the formula is \(CaBr_2\), and it's ionic.

Step2: Analyze nitric acid (acid)

Nitric acid is an oxyacid. The anion is nitrate (\(NO_3^-\)). For acids, we add \(H^+\) to balance. So formula is \(HNO_3\), it's an acid.

Step3: Analyze phosphoric acid (acid)

Phosphoric acid has phosphate anion (\(PO_4^{3-}\)). Adding \(H^+\) (3 \(H^+\) to balance \(PO_4^{3-}\)) gives \(H_3PO_4\), an acid.

Step4: Analyze sulfur hexafluoride (covalent compound)

Prefixes: sulfur (no prefix, 1 S), hexa - 6 for F. So formula \(SF_6\), covalent.

Step5: Analyze copper (II) sulfate (ionic compound)

Copper (II) is \(Cu^{2+}\), sulfate is \(SO_4^{2-}\). Charges balance 1:1, formula \(CuSO_4\), ionic.

Step6: Analyze ammonium nitrate (ionic compound)

Ammonium (\(NH_4^+\)), nitrate (\(NO_3^-\)). Charges balance 1:1, formula \(NH_4NO_3\), ionic.

Step7: Analyze hydrogen fluoride (covalent compound, can be acid too)

Hydrogen (H) and fluoride (F). Formula \(HF\), covalent (or acid as hydrofluoric acid, but here as covalent first, or acid).

Step8: Analyze hydrofluoric acid (acid)

Hydrofluoric acid is \(HF\) (since it's the acid form of HF), acid.

Step9: Analyze potassium hydroxide (ionic compound)

Potassium (\(K^+\)), hydroxide (\(OH^-\)). Formula \(KOH\), ionic.

Step10: Analyze sodium phosphate (ionic compound)

Sodium (\(Na^+\)), phosphate (\(PO_4^{3-}\)). Need 3 \(Na^+\) for 1 \(PO_4^{3-}\), formula \(Na_3PO_4\), ionic.

Step11: Analyze dinitrogen dichloride (covalent compound)

Prefixes: di - 2 for N, di - 2 for Cl. Formula \(N_2Cl_2\), covalent.

Answer:

Compound	Ions/Anion/Prefix Analysis	Formula	Ionic/Covalent/Acid
Nitric acid	\(H^+\), \(NO_3^-\)	\(HNO_3\)	Acid
Phosphoric acid	\(H^+\), \(PO_4^{3-}\)	\(H_3PO_4\)	Acid
Sulfur hexafluoride	S, 6 F (prefixes)	\(SF_6\)	Covalent
Copper (II) sulfate	\(Cu^{2+}\), \(SO_4^{2-}\)	\(CuSO_4\)	Ionic
ammonium nitrate	\(NH_4^+\), \(NO_3^-\)	\(NH_4NO_3\)	Ionic
Hydrogen fluoride	H, F	\(HF\)	Covalent (or Acid)
Hydrofluoric acid	\(H^+\), \(F^-\)	\(HF\)	Acid
Potassium hydroxide	\(K^+\), \(OH^-\)	\(KOH\)	Ionic
Sodium phosphate	\(Na^+\), \(PO_4^{3-}\)	\(Na_3PO_4\)	Ionic
Dinitrogen dichloride	2 N, 2 Cl (prefixes)	\(N_2Cl_2\)	Covalent