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Question
why are metals generally ductile, or able to be pulled into wires?
valence electrons can flow freely through the material when there is an electric potential.
metal ions form strong, rigid three - dimensional networks.
the bonds between metal atoms are very strong and they stick tightly together.
ions within the metal structure easily slide past one another.
Metals have a sea - of - electrons model. When a force is applied (like pulling into wires), the metal ions (cations) can slide past each other. The delocalized electrons (valence electrons) can adjust to the new positions of the ions, maintaining the metallic bonds. This sliding of ions is what allows metals to be ductile.
The first option about valence electrons flowing freely through the material when there is an electric potential explains electrical conductivity (not ductility). The second option about metal ions forming rigid three - dimensional networks would imply brittleness (opposite of ductility). The third option about strong bonds that stick tightly together would also imply brittleness (not ductility).
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Ions within the metal structure easily slide past one another.