Question

quiz_-_nuclear_chemistry_(part_2)...
due by friday 11:59 pm on 11/7
quiz - nuclear - part 2

1. which nuclear emission has the greatest mass and

ionizing power?
a) alpha particle b) beta particle
c) gamma radiation d) positron

1. the graph below represents the decay of a radioactive

isotope.
based on reference table h, which radioisotope is
best represented by the graph?
a) 32p b) 131i c) 198au d) 222ra

1. compared to the half - life and decay mode of the

nuclide 90sr, the nuclide 226ra has
a) a longer half - life and the same decay mode
b) a longer half - life and a different decay mode
c) a shorter half - life and the same decay mode
d) a shorter half - life and a different decay mode

1. what occurs in both fusion and fission reactions?

a) small amounts of energy are converted into large
amounts of matter.
b) small amounts of matter are converted into large
amounts of energy.
c) heavy nuclei are split into lighter nuclei.
d) light nuclei are combined into heavier nuclei.

1. given the nuclear reaction:

126c + 21h→x + 10n
when the equation is correctly balanced, the nucleus
represented by the x is
a) 146n b) 137n c) 137c d) 136c

1. which nuclide is paired with a specific use of that

nuclide?
a) carbon - 14, treatment of cancer
b) cobalt - 60, dating of rock formations
c) iodine - 131, treatment of thyroid disorders
d) uranium - 238, dating of once - living organisms

1. according to table n and the length of half - lives,

which radioactive waste can be stored for decay and
then safely released directly into the environment?
a) n - 16 b) sr - 90
c) cs - 137 d) pu - 239

1. an electron has a charge identical to that of

a) a neutron b) a proton
c) an alpha particle d) a beta particle

1. which statement best describes gamma radiation?

a) it has a mass of 1 and a charge of 1.
b) it has a mass of 0 and a charge of - 1.
c) it has a mass of 0 and a charge of 0.
d) it has a mass of 4 and a charge of + 2.

1. the change that is undergone by an atom of an

element made radioactive by bombardment with
high - energy protons is called
a) natural transmutation
b) artificial transmutation
c) natural decay
d) radioactive decay

1. in which type of reaction do two lighter nuclei

combine to form one heavier nucleus?
a) combustion b) reduction
c) nuclear fission d) nuclear fusion

Explanation:

1. Alpha particles have the greatest mass and ionizing power among the given nuclear emissions.
2. Based on the graph and Reference Table H, \(^{198}\text{Au}\) is the best - represented radioisotope.
3. Comparing \(^{90}\text{Sr}\) and \(^{226}\text{Ra}\), \(^{226}\text{Ra}\) has a longer half - life and a different decay mode.
4. In both fusion and fission, small amounts of matter are converted into large amounts of energy (mass - energy equivalence).
5. For the nuclear reaction \(\text{}_{6}^{12}\text{C}+\text{}_{1}^{2}\text{H}\to X+\text{}_{0}^{1}\text{n}\), using conservation of mass number (\(12 + 2=A+1\Rightarrow A = 13\)) and atomic number (\(6+1 = Z + 0\Rightarrow Z=7\)), so \(X=\text{}_{7}^{13}\text{N}\).
6. Iodine - 131 is used in the treatment of thyroid disorders. Carbon - 14 is for dating, cobalt - 60 is for cancer treatment, and uranium - 238 is for dating rocks.
7. N - 16 has a very short half - life (about 7.13 seconds) compared to Sr - 90 (28.9 years), Cs - 137 (30.17 years), and Po - 219 (about 160 microseconds). After a short time (a few half - lives), the amount of N - 16 remaining is negligible for safe release.
8. An electron (\(\text{e}^{-}\)) has a charge of \(- 1\), and a beta particle (\(\beta^{-}\)) also has a charge of \(-1\).
9. Gamma radiation (\(\gamma\)) has no mass (\(m = 0\)) and no charge (\(q = 0\)).
10. When an atom is made radioactive by bombardment with high - energy protons, it is called artificial transmutation. Natural transmutation occurs without human intervention, natural decay is a spontaneous process, and radioactive decay is a general term for the decay of a radioactive nucleus.
11. Nuclear fusion is the process where two lighter nuclei combine to form one heavier nucleus. Combustion is a chemical reaction, reduction is a chemical reaction concept, and nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus.

Answer:

1. A. alpha particle
2. C. \(^{198}\text{Au}\)
3. B. a longer half - life and a different decay mode
4. B. Small amounts of matter are converted into large amounts of energy.
5. B. \(^{13}_{7}\text{N}\)
6. C. iodine - 131, treatment of thyroid disorders
7. A. N - 16
8. D. a beta particle
9. C. It has a mass of 0 and a charge of 0.
10. B. artificial transmutation
11. C. nuclear fusion