Question

question 5 (5 points)
which of the following goes through the largest volumetric change?
a) water when it freezes into ice
b) water when its heated from 1°c to 99°c
c) water when it boils into steam
d) ice when it melts into water

Explanation:

• For option A: Water (liquid) to ice (solid) expands, but the volume change is about a 9% increase (density of water ~1 g/cm³, ice ~0.917 g/cm³, so volume of ice = mass/density, if mass is constant, volume increases by ~9%).
• For option B: Heating water from 1°C to 99°C: Water has a maximum density at 4°C, so from 1 - 4°C it contracts, then from 4 - 99°C it expands. The total volumetric change here is relatively small (a few percent at most) as it's still liquid - liquid phase change in terms of thermal expansion, not a phase change between states with large density differences.
• For option C: Water (liquid) to steam (gas): The density of liquid water is ~1000 kg/m³, and the density of steam (at 100°C, 1 atm) is ~0.6 kg/m³. Using the formula \( V=\frac{m}{

ho} \), if mass \( m \) is constant, the volume of steam is \( \frac{m}{0.6} \) and volume of water is \( \frac{m}{1000} \). The ratio of volumes \( \frac{V_{steam}}{V_{water}}=\frac{1000}{0.6}\approx1667 \), so the volume increases by a factor of ~1667, which is a massive change.

• For option D: Ice (solid) to water (liquid) is the reverse of option A, so it's a volume decrease of about 9%, much less than the change in option C.

Answer:

C) Water when it boils into steam