Question

question 14

technical innovation is facilitated by a(n) ___ process and a(n) _ structure, while administrative change best occurs as a result of a(n) _ process and a(n) ___ structure.

top-down, organic - bottom-up, mechanistic

bottom-up, organic - top-down, mechanistic

strategic, mechanistic - tactical, organic

ambidextrous, product - od intervention, functional

Explanation:

Analyze the dual-core approach to organizational change

The question addresses how different types of organizational change are facilitated by distinct processes and structures. According to organizational theory (specifically Daft's dual-core approach), organizations have two cores: a technical core and an administrative core. Each core requires a different direction of change and structural design to succeed.

Evaluate technical innovation requirements

Technical innovations (changes in product, service, or production technology) typically originate near the bottom of the organization where technical expertise resides.

• Process: Bottom-up, as lower-level employees identify technical needs and propose solutions.
• Structure: Organic, which features low formalization, decentralization, and high flexibility to encourage creativity and free-flowing ideas.

Evaluate administrative change requirements

Administrative changes (changes in organizational structure, management, control systems, or human resources) originate at the top of the hierarchy.

• Process: Top-down, as senior executives have the authority and system-wide perspective to implement structural reorganizations.
• Structure: Mechanistic, which is characterized by high formalization, centralization, and clear hierarchies to ensure efficient implementation and control.

Match with the correct option

Combining these two analyses:

• Technical innovation is facilitated by a bottom-up process and an organic structure.
• Administrative change best occurs as a result of a top-down process and a mechanistic structure.

This matches the second option: "bottom-up, organic - top-down, mechanistic".

Answer:

• (A) top-down, organic - bottom-up, mechanistic
• (B) bottom-up, organic - top-down, mechanistic (Correct answer)
• (C) strategic, mechanistic - tactical, organic
• (D) ambidextrous, product - OD intervention, functional