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what advantage did building a longhouse into a hillside offer?
a. it provided better views of the fjords from roof tops
b. it made the house easier to defend in an attack
c. it was warmer in winter and cooler in summer
d. it required less building materials even though floors were made with stone
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what is the main contrast presented in the text regarding the vikings?
a. their reputation as fierce warriors versus their lives as farmers and traders
b. their skill in shipbuilding versus their agricultural practices
c. their peaceful nature versus their aggressive tendencies
d. their religious beliefs versus their political beliefs

Explanation:

Question 10

Building a longhouse into a hillside (a form of earth-sheltered construction) takes advantage of the thermal mass of the earth. In winter, the earth helps retain heat, making the interior warmer, and in summer, it insulates against heat, keeping the interior cooler. Option a is incorrect as views from rooftops are not a primary advantage of hillside construction. Option b: Defensibility is not the main advantage of this building method. Option d: The claim about less building materials and stone floors is not a typical advantage of hillside longhouse construction. So the correct answer is c.

Vikings are often stereotyped as fierce warriors (due to their raids), but historically, they also engaged in farming, trading, and other peaceful activities. Option b: Shipbuilding and agriculture are not a main contrast. Option c: Vikings weren't primarily known for a "peaceful nature" to contrast with aggression. Option d: Religious and political beliefs are not the main contrast presented about Vikings. So the main contrast is between their warrior reputation and their lives as farmers/traders, making a correct.

Answer:

c. It was warmer in winter and cooler in summer

Question 11