Question

part a
write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of gaseous nitrogen dioxide with hydrogen gas to form gaseous ammonia and liquid water.
express your answer as a chemical equation. identify all of the phases in your answer.

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Explanation:

Step1: Write the unbalanced equation

Gaseous nitrogen dioxide (\(NO_2\)) reacts with hydrogen gas (\(H_2\)) to form gaseous ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and liquid water (\(H_2O\)). The unbalanced equation is \(NO_2(g)+H_2(g)
ightarrow NH_3(g)+H_2O(l)\).

Step2: Balance the nitrogen atoms

There is 1 \(N\) atom on the left (in \(NO_2\)) and 1 \(N\) atom on the right (in \(NH_3\)), so nitrogen is initially balanced.

Step3: Balance the hydrogen atoms

On the left, there are 2 \(H\) atoms (in \(H_2\)), and on the right, there are \(3 + 2=5\) \(H\) atoms (in \(NH_3\) and \(H_2O\)). Let's first balance oxygen.

Step4: Balance the oxygen atoms

There are 2 \(O\) atoms on the left (in \(NO_2\)) and 1 \(O\) atom on the right (in \(H_2O\)). Multiply \(H_2O\) by 2: \(NO_2(g)+H_2(g)
ightarrow NH_3(g)+2H_2O(l)\). Now, oxygen is balanced (2 \(O\) atoms on each side).

Step5: Re - balance hydrogen

Now, on the right, there are \(3+4 = 7\) \(H\) atoms. Multiply \(H_2\) by \(\frac{7}{2}\): \(NO_2(g)+\frac{7}{2}H_2(g)
ightarrow NH_3(g)+2H_2O(l)\). To get rid of the fraction, multiply the entire equation by 2: \(2NO_2(g)+7H_2(g)
ightarrow 2NH_3(g)+4H_2O(l)\).

Step6: Check the balance

• Nitrogen: 2 atoms on the left (\(2NO_2\)) and 2 atoms on the right (\(2NH_3\)).
• Hydrogen: \(7\times2 = 14\) atoms on the left (\(7H_2\)) and \((2\times3)+(4\times2)=6 + 8=14\) atoms on the right (\(2NH_3\) and \(4H_2O\)).
• Oxygen: \(2\times2 = 4\) atoms on the left (\(2NO_2\)) and \(4\times1=4\) atoms on the right (\(4H_2O\)).

Answer:

\(2NO_2(g)+7H_2(g)
ightarrow 2NH_3(g)+4H_2O(l)\)