extension. identify whether the following compounds are ionic or covalent. then draw lewis structures to represent the bonds they form.
33. mgcl₂
34. nh₃
35. co₂

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Accepted Answer

# Explanation:
## Step1: Determine bond type for $MgCl_2$
$Mg$ is a metal (Group 2) and $Cl$ is a non - metal (Group 17). Ionic bonds form between metals and non - metals. So $MgCl_2$ is ionic.
For Lewis structure of $MgCl_2$ (in ionic form): $Mg^{2+}$ and two $Cl^{-}$. The Lewis structure for $Cl^{-}$ is $[\colon\ddot{Cl}\colon]^{-}$. So overall it is $Mg^{2+}[\colon\ddot{Cl}\colon]^{-}[\colon\ddot{Cl}\colon]^{-}$

## Step2: Determine bond type for $NH_3$
$N$ and $H$ are non - metals. Covalent bonds form between non - metals.
For Lewis structure of $NH_3$:
- Calculate valence electrons: $N$ has $5$ valence electrons and each $H$ has $1$ valence electron. Total valence electrons $=5 + 3\times1=8$
- $N$ is the central atom. $N$ forms three single bonds with $H$ atoms. And there is one lone pair on $N$. The Lewis structure is $\begin{array}{c}
\space\space\space\space\colon\ddot{N}\colon\
\space\space/H\space\space\space\space H\space\space\space\space H
\end{array}$ (or more accurately $\ce{H-\underset{H}{\overset{H}{\underset{\mid}{\overset{\mid}{N}}}-\colon}}$)

## Step3: Determine bond type for $CO_2$
$C$ and $O$ are non - metals. Covalent bonds form between non - metals.
For Lewis structure of $CO_2$:
- Calculate valence electrons: $C$ has $4$ valence electrons and each $O$ has $6$ valence electrons. Total valence electrons $=4+2\times6 = 16$
- $C$ is the central atom. $C$ forms double bonds with each $O$ atom. The Lewis structure is $\colon\ddot{O}\colon = C=\colon\ddot{O}\colon$

# Answer:
- $MgCl_2$: Ionic. Lewis structure: $Mg^{2+}[\colon\ddot{Cl}\colon]^{-}[\colon\ddot{Cl}\colon]^{-}$
- $NH_3$: Covalent. Lewis structure: $\ce{H-\underset{H}{\overset{H}{\underset{\mid}{\overset{\mid}{N}}}-\colon}}$
- $CO_2$: Covalent. Lewis structure: $\colon\ddot{O}\colon = C=\colon\ddot{O}\colon$

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Explanation:

Step1: Determine bond type for \(MgCl_2\)

Step2: Determine bond type for \(NH_3\)

Step3: Determine bond type for \(CO_2\)

Answer: