Question

1. define a family.
2. what is a period?
3. what is the symbol for the following elements.

a. magnesium __________ b. potassium __________
c. iron __________ d. copper __________

1. what are the names of the following elements.

a. c __________ b. cl __________
c. au __________ d. sr __________

1. what period are the following elements in?

a. he __________ b. ge __________
c. rb __________ d. i __________

1. what group are the following elements?

a. sulfur __________ b. ca __________
c. iodine __________ d. fe __________

1. give me an atom with the following characteristics.

a. halogen __________ b. nonmetal __________
c. alkali metal __________ d. metalloid __________
e. lanthanide series __________ f. alkaline earth metal __________
g. transition metal __________ h. nobel gas __________

1. write the electron configuration for

a. li ____________
b. na ____________
c. k ____________

Explanation:

1. In chemistry, a family (or group) in the periodic - table consists of elements with similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.
2. A period in the periodic table is a horizontal row of elements. As you move across a period, the atomic number increases, and the properties of elements change in a predictable way.
3. Chemical symbols are standard abbreviations for elements. Magnesium is Mg, Potassium is K, Iron is Fe, Copper is Cu.
4. Given chemical symbols, C is Carbon, Cl is Chlorine, Au is Gold, Sr is Strontium.
5. The period of an element can be determined from its position in the periodic table. He is in period 1, Ge is in period 4, Rb is in period 5, I is in period 5.
6. The group of an element is its vertical column in the periodic table. Sulfur is in group 16, Ca is in group 2, Iodine is in group 17, Fe is in group 8.
7. Examples of atoms for different types: a. Halogen - Fluorine (F); b. Non - metal - Oxygen (O); c. Alkali metal - Sodium (Na); d. Metalloid - Silicon (Si); e. Lanthanide series - Cerium (Ce); f. Alkaline Earth metal - Calcium (Ca); g. Transition metal - Nickel (Ni); h. Nobel gas - Helium (He).
8. Electron configurations are written based on the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. Li: 1s²2s¹; Na: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹; K: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.

Answer:

1. A group of elements in the periodic table with similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.
2. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
3. a. Mg

b. K
c. Fe
d. Cu

1. a. Carbon

b. Chlorine
c. Gold
d. Strontium

1. a. 1

b. 4
c. 5
d. 5

1. a. 16

b. 2
c. 17
d. 8

1. a. F

b. O
c. Na
d. Si
e. Ce
f. Ca
g. Ni
h. He

1. a. 1s²2s¹

b. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
c. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹