Question

ch₄
dot structure:
complete octet:
lewis dot structue:

Explanation:

Step1: Determine the valence electrons

Carbon ($C$) has 4 valence electrons and hydrogen ($H$) has 1 valence electron. For $CH_{4}$, total valence electrons = $4+(4\times1)=8$.

Step2: Arrange atoms

Carbon is the central atom. Each hydrogen is bonded to carbon.

Step3: Draw the dot structure

Carbon forms 4 single bonds with 4 hydrogen atoms. In the dot structure (Lewis structure), we represent the bonds as lines (each line is 2 electrons). So, for $CH_{4}$, the Lewis dot structure has carbon in the center with 4 lines (bonds) going to 4 hydrogen atoms. Since carbon has 4 bonds (8 electrons around it) and each hydrogen has 2 electrons (from the single bond), carbon has a complete octet (8 - electron rule satisfied) and hydrogen has a complete duet (2 - electron rule satisfied for hydrogen as it is in the first period).

Answer:

• Dot Structure (Lewis Dot Structure):

$$\begin{array}{c} \ce{H}\\ |\ \\ \ce{H - C - H}\\ |\ \\ \ce{H} \end{array}$$

• Complete Octet: Carbon has 8 electrons (4 bonds, each bond is 2 electrons) around it, satisfying the octet rule.