Question

1. choose all that apply.

the attraction that a pair of bonding valence electrons has with a nucleus depends on which three things?
the number of valence electrons
the number of protons in the nucleus
shielding provided by inner electrons
the distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus
the size of the nucleus

1. choose the best answer.

which of these compounds will have a higher melting point?
a covalent compound with hydrogen bonding
a covalent compound without hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

• For question 10:
• The number of protons in the nucleus affects the positive charge attracting electrons.
• Shielding by inner electrons reduces the effective nuclear charge felt by valence electrons.
• The distance of valence electrons from the nucleus (as per Coulomb's law \(F = k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^{2}}\), where \(q_1\) is nuclear charge, \(q_2\) is electron charge, and \(r\) is the distance) affects the attraction.
• For question 11:
• Hydrogen bonding is a relatively strong intermolecular force. Compounds with hydrogen bonding require more energy (higher temperature) to break these forces and melt compared to covalent compounds without hydrogen bonding.

Answer:

10.

• the number of protons in the nucleus
• shielding provided by inner electrons
• the distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus

1. a covalent compound with hydrogen bonding