Question

q 1.13 an atom that gains electrons becomes a _____.
a cation
b isotope
c neutral atom
d anion

q 1.14 the atomic number of an element represents the number of _____.
a neutrons
b protons
c isotopes
d shells

q 1.15 elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar _____.
a masses
b physical sizes
c chemical properties
d numbers of neutrons

q 1.16 why do elements form chemical bonds?
a to lose all electrons
b to gain neutrons
c to achieve a full valence shell
d to decrease mass

Explanation:

Analyze Q1.13 regarding gained electrons

An atom is neutral when its protons and electrons are equal. Electrons carry a negative charge. When an atom gains electrons, it acquires a net negative charge, forming a negative ion known as an anion.

Analyze Q1.14 regarding atomic number

Using the Atomic Structure concept, we know that the atomic number of an element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus, which uniquely identifies the element.

Analyze Q1.15 regarding periodic table groups

Elements in the same vertical column (group) of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, which gives them highly similar chemical properties.

Analyze Q1.16 regarding chemical bonding

Atoms form chemical bonds to achieve a more stable electron configuration, which typically means obtaining a full outer valence shell (the octet rule).

Answer:

Question 1.13

• A cation
• B isotope
• C neutral atom</mcq-correct>
• D anion (Correct answer)

Question 1.14

<mcq-option>A neutrons

• B protons (Correct answer)
• C isotopes
• D shells

Question 1.15

• A masses
• B physical sizes
• C chemical properties (Correct answer)
• D numbers of neutrons

Question 1.16

• A To lose all electrons
• B To gain neutrons
• C To achieve a full valence shell (Correct answer)
• D To decrease mass