QUESTION IMAGE
Question
for each problem, find the: x and y intercepts, x - coordinates of the critical points, open intervals wher the function is increasing and decreasing, x - coordinates of the inflection points, open intervals where th function is concave up and concave down, and relative minima and maxima. using this information, sketch the graph of the function.
- ( y = -\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2} )
Step1: 求\(x\),\(y\)轴截距
- \(y\)轴截距:令\(x = 0\),代入\(y=-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}\),得\(y = 0\)。
- \(x\)轴截距:令\(y = 0\),即\(-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}=0\),提取公因式\(x^{2}\)得\(x^{2}(1-\frac{x}{3}) = 0\),解得\(x = 0\)或\(x = 3\)。
Step2: 求一阶导数,确定单调区间和极值
- 对\(y=-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}\)求导,\(y^\prime=-x^{2}+2x\),令\(y^\prime = 0\),即\(-x^{2}+2x=0\),提取公因式\(-x\)得\(-x(x - 2)=0\),解得\(x = 0\)或\(x = 2\)(\(x\)坐标的临界点)。
- 当\(x\lt0\)时,\(y^\prime=-x(x - 2)\lt0\),函数\(y\)单调递减;
- 当\(0\lt x\lt2\)时,\(y^\prime=-x(x - 2)\gt0\),函数\(y\)单调递增;
- 当\(x\gt2\)时,\(y^\prime=-x(x - 2)\lt0\),函数\(y\)单调递减。
- 根据极值判定:
- 当\(x = 0\)时,\(y=0\),函数\(y\)取得极小值;
- 当\(x = 2\)时,\(y=-\frac{8}{3}+4=\frac{4}{3}\),函数\(y\)取得极大值。
Step3: 求二阶导数,确定凹凸区间和拐点
- 对\(y^\prime=-x^{2}+2x\)求导,\(y^{\prime\prime}=-2x + 2\),令\(y^{\prime\prime}=0\),即\(-2x + 2 = 0\),解得\(x = 1\)(\(x\)坐标的拐点)。
- 当\(x\lt1\)时,\(y^{\prime\prime}=-2x + 2\gt0\),函数\(y\)的图像是凹的;
- 当\(x\gt1\)时,\(y^{\prime\prime}=-2x + 2\lt0\),函数\(y\)的图像是凸的。
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- \(x\)轴截距:\(x = 0\),\(x = 3\);\(y\)轴截距:\(y = 0\)。
- \(x\)坐标的临界点:\(x = 0\),\(x = 2\)。
- 单调区间:函数\(y\)在\((-\infty,0)\)和\((2,+\infty)\)上单调递减,在\((0,2)\)上单调递增。
- \(x\)坐标的拐点:\(x = 1\)。
- 凹凸区间:函数\(y\)在\((-\infty,1)\)上是凹的,在\((1,+\infty)\)上是凸的。
- 极值:极小值\(y(0)=0\),极大值\(y(2)=\frac{4}{3}\)。
根据以上信息可绘制函数\(y =-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}\)的图像。