Question

what is coulombs law?
every object exerts gravitational force on every other object. so why doesnt everything in the universe crash into one big ball?
it does not crash because there are other forces that act on objects, too. one of these forces is electrostatic force — the force between charged particles. this force acts on the macroscopic level and microscopic level. it affects large particles, like balloons, and tiny particles, like protons and electrons.
coulomb’s law describes the force between two charged particles. coulomb’s law is below:
$f_{e} = k\frac{q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}$
$f_{e}$ is the force between the particles, $q_{1}$ is the charge of particle 1, $q_{2}$ is the charge of particle 2, and $r$ is the distance between the particles. $k$ is a constant, or fixed number. the value of $k$ is 0.000231 n·pm²/e². n is newtons (the unit for force), pm is picometers (one-trillionths of a meter, the unit for distance), and $e$ is elementary charges (the unit for charge).
the charge of a proton is +1 $e$. the charge of an electron is −1 $e$.
in more advanced chemistry, $k$ is sometimes written using different units, with meters (m) and coulombs (c), where the coulomb is another unit for charge. in these units, the value of $k$ is $9 \times 10^{9}$ n·m²/c².

Explanation:

The problem is about Coulomb's Law, which is a fundamental concept in Physics (a subfield of Natural Science). It describes the electrostatic force between charged particles using the formula \( F_{e}=k\frac{q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} \), along with explanations of variables and units.

Answer:

Coulomb's Law states that the electrostatic force (\( F_{e} \)) between two charged particles is given by \( F_{e}=k\frac{q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}} \), where \( q_1, q_2 \) are the charges of the particles, \( r \) is the distance between them, and \( k \) is a constant (e.g., \( 0.000231\ \text{N·pm}^2/\text{e}^2 \) or \( 9\times 10^{9}\ \text{N·m}^2/\text{C}^2 \) in different unit systems). This force acts on both macroscopic (e.g., balloons) and microscopic (e.g., protons, electrons) charged objects.