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1. what compound precipitated? multiple choice. briefly tell why for sh…

Question

  1. what compound precipitated? multiple choice. briefly tell why for show work. hint: consider the solubility rules.
  2. nacl(aq) + agno₃(aq) →nano₃+ agcl
  3. 3cacl₂(aq) + 2k₃po₄(aq) → ca₃(po₄)₂ + 6kcl
  4. feso₄(aq) + naoh₂(aq) → fe(oh)₂ + na₂so₄
  5. na₂s(aq) + niso₄(aq) → na₂so₄ + nis
  6. (nh₄)₂so₄(aq) + bacl₂(aq) → baso₄ + 2nh₄cl
  7. na₂s(aq) + znso₄(aq) → na₂so₄+ zns
  8. al(no₃)₃(aq) + na₃po₄(aq) → alpo₄ + 3nano₃
  9. ca(oh)₂(aq) + na₂so₄(aq) → caso₄ + 2naoh
  10. kcl(aq) + agno₃(aq) → kno₃+ agcl
  11. pb(no₃)₂(aq) + 2lii(aq) → pbi₂ + 2lino₃
  12. al(no₃)₃(aq) + na₃po₄(aq) → alpo₄ + 3nano₃
  13. pb(no₃)₂(aq) + 2lii(aq) → pbi₂ + 2lino₃
  14. ca(oh)₂(aq) + na₂so₄(aq) → caso₄ + 2naoh
  15. cucl₂s(aq) + na₂co₃(aq) → nacl + cuco₃

simple solubility rules
soluble (hans)

  1. halogens (group 17; cl⁻, br, i⁻) salts are generally soluble.
  2. alkali metal (group 1: na⁺, k⁺ etc.) and ammonium (nh₄⁺) salts are generally soluble. exceptions include li2co3 and li3po4.
  3. nitrate salts, no₃⁻¹, salts are generally soluble.
  4. sulfates, so₄⁻², are generally soluble. exceptions include caso₄, srso₄, baso₄, and ag₂so₄.

insoluble

  1. silver, ag, and lead, pb, are generally insoluble.
  2. carbonates, co₃⁻², phosphates, po₄⁻³, and hydroxides, oh⁻, are generally insoluble.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall solubility rules

Salts of alkali - metals, ammonium, and nitrates are generally soluble. Halides are usually soluble except for silver, lead, etc. Sulfates are mostly soluble with some exceptions like barium sulfate. Carbonates, phosphates, and hydroxides are generally insoluble.

Step2: Analyze reaction 1

In the reaction $NaCl(aq)+AgNO_3(aq)
ightarrow NaNO_3 + AgCl$, sodium nitrate ($NaNO_3$) is soluble as it is a nitrate - salt. Silver chloride ($AgCl$) is insoluble according to the rule that silver halides are insoluble. So the precipitate is $AgCl$.

Step3: Analyze reaction 2

In the reaction $3CaCl_2(aq)+2K_3PO_4(aq)
ightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2 + 6KCl$, potassium chloride ($KCl$) is soluble as it is an alkali - metal halide. Calcium phosphate ($Ca_3(PO_4)_2$) is insoluble because phosphates are generally insoluble. So the precipitate is $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$.

Step4: Analyze reaction 3

In the reaction $FeSO_4(aq)+NaOH(aq)
ightarrow Fe(OH)_2+Na_2SO_4$, sodium sulfate ($Na_2SO_4$) is soluble as it is an alkali - metal sulfate. Iron(II) hydroxide ($Fe(OH)_2$) is insoluble since hydroxides are generally insoluble. So the precipitate is $Fe(OH)_2$.

Step5: Analyze reaction 4

In the reaction $Na_2S(aq)+NiSO_4(aq)
ightarrow Na_2SO_4 + NiS$, sodium sulfate ($Na_2SO_4$) is soluble as it is an alkali - metal sulfate. Nickel(II) sulfide ($NiS$) is insoluble because sulfides of transition - metals are generally insoluble. So the precipitate is $NiS$.

Step6: Analyze reaction 5

In the reaction $(NH_4)_2SO_4(aq)+BaCl_2(aq)
ightarrow BaSO_4 + 2NH_4Cl$, ammonium chloride ($NH_4Cl$) is soluble as it is an ammonium - salt. Barium sulfate ($BaSO_4$) is insoluble as it is an exception to the general solubility of sulfates. So the precipitate is $BaSO_4$.

Step7: Analyze reaction 6

In the reaction $Na_2S(aq)+ZnSO_4(aq)
ightarrow Na_2SO_4+ZnS$, sodium sulfate ($Na_2SO_4$) is soluble as it is an alkali - metal sulfate. Zinc sulfide ($ZnS$) is insoluble because sulfides of transition - metals are generally insoluble. So the precipitate is $ZnS$.

Step8: Analyze reaction 7

In the reaction $Al(NO_3)_3(aq)+Na_3PO_4(aq)
ightarrow AlPO_4 + 3NaNO_3$, sodium nitrate ($NaNO_3$) is soluble as it is a nitrate - salt. Aluminum phosphate ($AlPO_4$) is insoluble because phosphates are generally insoluble. So the precipitate is $AlPO_4$.

Step9: Analyze reaction 8

In the reaction $Ca(OH)_2(aq)+Na_2SO_4(aq)
ightarrow CaSO_4 + 2NaOH$, sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$) is soluble as it is an alkali - metal hydroxide. Calcium sulfate ($CaSO_4$) is slightly soluble. But considering the context of precipitation, we can say $CaSO_4$ is the precipitate.

Step10: Analyze reaction 9

In the reaction $KCl(aq)+AgNO_3(aq)
ightarrow KNO_3+AgCl$, potassium nitrate ($KNO_3$) is soluble as it is a nitrate - salt. Silver chloride ($AgCl$) is insoluble because silver halides are insoluble. So the precipitate is $AgCl$.

Step11: Analyze reaction 10

In the reaction $Pb(NO_3)_2(aq)+2LiI(aq)
ightarrow PbI_2 + 2LiNO_3$, lithium nitrate ($LiNO_3$) is soluble as it is a nitrate - salt. Lead(II) iodide ($PbI_2$) is insoluble because lead halides are generally insoluble. So the precipitate is $PbI_2$.

Step12: Analyze reaction 13

In the reaction $Ca(OH)_2(aq)+Na_2SO_4(aq)
ightarrow CaSO_4 + 2NaOH$, sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$) is soluble as it is an alkali - metal hydroxide. Calcium sulfate ($CaSO_4$) is slightly soluble. But considering the context of precipitation, we can say $CaSO_4$ is the precipitate.

Step13: Analyze reaction 14

In the reaction $CuCl_2(aq)+Na_2CO_3(aq)
ig…

Answer:

  1. $AgCl$
  2. $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$
  3. $Fe(OH)_2$
  4. $NiS$
  5. $BaSO_4$
  6. $ZnS$
  7. $AlPO_4$
  8. $CaSO_4$
  9. $AgCl$
  10. $PbI_2$
  11. $AlPO_4$
  12. $PbI_2$
  13. $CaSO_4$
  14. $CuCO_3$