3. susan makes the following entry in her notebook: \on friday we were given a blue liquid in a shallow container. we placed it on the windowsill over the weekend. on monday morning, there was no liquid left, but the dish had some solid blue stuff in it.\
a. was the blue liquid in the dish a heterogeneous mixture, a solution, or a pure substance?
explain your choice.
b. write a few sentences to explain what happened in the dish.
4. use the particle theory to explain:
a. the difference between a pure substance and a mixture.
b. the difference between a solution and a mechanical mixture.
5. describe whether each of the following is a solution or not. give reasons for your choice:
a. a mixture of clay and water
b. a mixture of salt and water
c. tomato juice

Question

3. susan makes the following entry in her notebook: \on friday we were given a blue liquid in a shallow container. we placed it on the windowsill over the weekend. on monday morning, there was no liquid left, but the dish had some solid blue stuff in it.\
    a. was the blue liquid in the dish a heterogeneous mixture, a solution, or a pure substance?
       explain your choice.
    b. write a few sentences to explain what happened in the dish.
4. use the particle theory to explain:
    a. the difference between a pure substance and a mixture.
    b. the difference between a solution and a mechanical mixture.
5. describe whether each of the following is a solution or not. give reasons for your choice:
    a. a mixture of clay and water
    b. a mixture of salt and water
    c. tomato juice

Accepted Answer

### 3a
# Brief Explanations:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture where solute dissolves in solvent. Here, the blue liquid had solid left after evaporation, meaning it was a solution (since solute didn't fully dissolve or solvent evaporated, leaving solute). A heterogeneous mixture has visible different parts, and pure substance has one type of particle. So the blue liquid was a solution (a type of homogeneous mixture, but since solid remained, it was a solution where solvent evaporated, leaving solute).
# Answer:
The blue liquid was a solution. Because a solution is a homogeneous mixture where a solute dissolves in a solvent, and here after the liquid (solvent) evaporated over the weekend, solid solute was left, indicating the liquid was a solution (with solute dissolved in solvent initially).

### 3b
# Brief Explanations:
The blue liquid was a solution (solute + solvent). Over the weekend, the solvent (liquid) evaporated (due to heat from the windowsill, increasing kinetic energy of solvent particles, leading to evaporation). As the solvent evaporated, the solute (blue solid) was left behind in the dish, so by Monday, no liquid remained, only the solid solute.
# Answer:
The blue liquid was a solution with a blue solute dissolved in a liquid solvent. Over the weekend, the liquid solvent evaporated (because the windowsill environment provided energy for solvent particles to escape into the air). As the solvent evaporated, the dissolved blue solute was left behind as a solid in the dish, resulting in no liquid remaining by Monday.

### 4a
# Brief Explanations:
Pure substance: particles are all identical (same type of atom/molecule). Mixture: particles of two or more different substances (e.g., salt and sand mixture has salt and sand particles). So particle theory says pure substance has uniform, single - type particles; mixture has multiple types of particles.
# Answer:
A pure substance is made of only one type of particle (e.g., all water molecules in pure water). A mixture is made of two or more different types of particles (e.g., salt and water in a salt - water mixture has salt particles and water molecules). So the key difference at the particle level is the number of distinct particle types: one for pure substance, multiple for mixture.

### 4b
# Brief Explanations:
Solution: solute particles are evenly distributed among solvent particles, so it's homogeneous (e.g., salt in water: salt particles are surrounded by water molecules, evenly spread). Mechanical mixture (heterogeneous mixture): particles of different substances are not evenly distributed, so distinct parts are visible (e.g., sand and water: sand particles clump or settle, not evenly mixed). At the particle level, in a solution, solute particles are dispersed at the molecular/ionic level; in a mechanical mixture, particles of different substances are in separate clusters or layers.
# Answer:
In a solution, solute particles are uniformly dispersed among solvent particles (e.g., salt ions in water are surrounded by water molecules and evenly spread). In a mechanical mixture, particles of different substances are not uniformly distributed (e.g., sand and water: sand particles are in separate clumps or settle, not evenly mixed with water particles). So the particle - level difference is the uniformity of particle distribution: uniform in solution, non - uniform in mechanical mixture.

### 5a
# Brief Explanations:
A solution requires the solute to dissolve uniformly. Clay does not dissolve in water; it forms a suspension (heterogeneous mixture) where clay particles are suspended and eventually settle. So it's not a solution because the clay particles do not dissolve and are not evenly distributed at the particle level (they are visible as a suspension and settle over time).
# Answer:
A mixture of clay and water is not a solution. Reason: Clay particles do not dissolve in water; they form a suspension (a type of heterogeneous mixture) where clay particles are suspended in water but eventually settle. In a solution, solute particles dissolve and are evenly distributed, but clay particles are too large and do not dissolve, so it's not a solution.

### 5b
# Brief Explanations:
Salt (solute) dissolves in water (solvent) to form a homogeneous mixture where salt ions are evenly distributed among water molecules. So it's a solution because the salt solute dissolves in the water solvent, and the mixture is homogeneous with uniform particle distribution.
# Answer:
A mixture of salt and water is a solution. Reason: Salt (solute) dissolves in water (solvent), and the salt ions are evenly distributed among the water molecules, forming a homogeneous mixture. This meets the definition of a solution (homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent).

### 5c
# Brief Explanations:
Tomato juice is a heterogeneous mixture (not a solution). It contains solid particles (like pulp) and liquid, and these components are not evenly distributed at the particle level (you can see pulp particles, and they don't dissolve uniformly like a solute in a solvent). So it's not a solution as it's a heterogeneous mixture with non - uniform particle distribution.
# Answer:
Tomato juice is not a solution. Reason: Tomato juice contains solid pulp particles and liquid, and these components are not uniformly distributed (it's a heterogeneous mixture). In a solution, particles are evenly distributed, but in tomato juice, you can see distinct parts (pulp) and the mixture is not homogeneous at the particle level, so it's not a solution.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

3a

Answer:

3b