Question

1. suppose you want to use one of the substances in figure 1 as hand sanitizer but add some water to it to increase the volume you have. what effect would this have on its evaporation rate?

the addition of water would decrease the intermolecular forces and decrease the evaporation rate.
the addition of water would increase the intermolecular forces and decrease the evaporation rate.
the addition of water would increase the intermolecular forces and increase the evaporation rate.
the addition of water would decrease the intermolecular forces and increase the evaporation rate.

Explanation:

Hand sanitizers are usually alcohol - based. Alcohol has weaker intermolecular forces (such as hydrogen bonding which is weaker compared to some other stronger intermolecular forces in more complex substances). Water has strong hydrogen bonding. When water is added to the hand - sanitizer (alcohol - based), the overall intermolecular forces increase because of the additional strong hydrogen bonding from water. Evaporation rate is inversely related to intermolecular forces. Stronger intermolecular forces mean more energy is required to break the bonds between molecules for them to escape into the vapor phase. So, an increase in intermolecular forces leads to a decrease in the evaporation rate.

Answer:

The addition of water would increase the intermolecular forces and decrease the evaporation rate.