Question

science 10 - week 2

vinegar-
baking soda-
orange-
soap-
milk of magnesia-
lemon-
toothpaste-
soda/soft drinks-
salt solution-
calcium carbonate in egg shell-
detergents-
epsom salt-
ammonia solution-
orange juice-
potassium chloride-

activity 1: things around me
objective: classify the things below as acid, base, or salt.

Explanation:

🆕 New Concept Discovered: Classification of Acids, Bases, and Salts
Identifying substances by chemical properties and household uses

Step 1: Understand the Characteristics of Acids, Bases, and Salts

To classify household substances, we look at their chemical composition and common properties:

• Acids typically taste sour, have a pH less than 7, and often contain hydrogen ions (\(\text{H}^+\)). Citrus fruits and vinegar are common examples.
• Bases typically taste bitter, feel slippery, have a pH greater than 7, and often contain hydroxide ions (\(\text{OH}^-\)) or carbonate groups that can neutralize acids. Cleaning products like soap, detergents, and ammonia are common examples.
• Salts are ionic compounds formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They consist of related numbers of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral.

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Step 2: Classify Each Substance

Let's analyze each item from the list:

1. Vinegar: Contains acetic acid. $

ightarrow$ Acid

1. Baking Soda (Sodium bicarbonate): A basic salt that acts as a weak base in water. $

ightarrow$ Base

1. Orange: Contains citric acid. $

ightarrow$ Acid

1. Soap: Made from fats and a strong base (sodium hydroxide); it is slippery and basic. $

ightarrow$ Base

1. Milk of Magnesia (Magnesium hydroxide): Used to neutralize stomach acid. $

ightarrow$ Base

1. Lemon: Contains citric acid. $

ightarrow$ Acid

1. Toothpaste: Contains mild bases to neutralize acids in the mouth. $

ightarrow$ Base

1. Soda/soft drinks: Contains carbonic acid and phosphoric acid. $

ightarrow$ Acid

1. Salt solution (Sodium chloride in water): A neutral ionic compound. $

ightarrow$ Salt

1. Calcium carbonate in egg shell: An ionic compound formed from a metal and a carbonate group. $

ightarrow$ Salt (Note: While calcium carbonate has basic properties, chemically it is classified as a carbonate salt).

1. Detergents: Formulated with basic surfactants and builders. $

ightarrow$ Base

1. Epsom salt (Magnesium sulfate): An ionic compound. $

ightarrow$ Salt

1. Ammonia solution: A weak base commonly used in cleaning. $

ightarrow$ Base

1. Orange juice: Contains citric acid. $

ightarrow$ Acid

1. Potassium Chloride: A simple ionic compound. $

ightarrow$ Salt

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Answer:

Here is the classification of the items from the activity:

Acids	Bases	Salts
Orange	Soap	Calcium carbonate in egg shell
Lemon	Milk of Magnesia	Epsom salt
Soda/soft drinks	Toothpaste	Potassium Chloride
Orange juice	Detergents
	Ammonia solution