Question

read the passage and use the diagram to answer the next two questions. the following figure shows the bond formation of sodium chloride which is a compound commonly known as table salt. which of the following statements are true once the sodium chloride bond formation shown in the figure takes place? select all that apply. the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a polar covalent bond. the resulting chlorine anion has a stable octet in its valence shell. the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms a nonpolar bond. the electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms an ionic bond. the resulting sodium cation has a stable octet in its valence shell.

Explanation:

• For the bond type:
• Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely - charged ions. In sodium chloride (\(NaCl\)), sodium (\(Na\)) loses an electron to become \(Na^{+}\) (a positive ion) and chlorine (\(Cl\)) gains an electron to become \(Cl^{-}\) (a negative ion). The electrostatic attraction between \(Na^{+}\) and \(Cl^{-}\) forms an ionic bond, not a covalent (polar or non - polar) bond. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
• For the octet rule:
• Sodium (\(Na\)) has an atomic number of 11. Its electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}\). When it loses one electron to form \(Na^{+}\), its electron configuration becomes \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}\), which is a stable octet (a full second shell).
• Chlorine (\(Cl\)) has an atomic number of 17. Its electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{5}\). When it gains one electron to form \(Cl^{-}\), its electron configuration becomes \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}\), which is a stable octet (a full third shell).

Answer:

• The resulting chlorine anion has a stable octet in its valence shell.
• The electrostatic attraction between the positive ion and negative chlorine forms an ionic bond.
• The resulting sodium cation has a stable octet in its valence shell.