Question

question #4
methyl cyanoacrylate is the main component of many glues. its lewis structure is shown below.

atom 1 is hybridized and atom 2 is hybridized.
bond 1 consists of sigma bonds and pi bonds.
this molecule has a total of sigma bonds and pi bonds.

Explanation:

Step1: Determine hybridization of Atom 1

Atom 1 is \( C \) in \( C\equiv N \). It has 2 electron - group (one triple bond and one single bond). According to \( VSEPR \) theory, the hybridization is \( sp \).

Step2: Determine hybridization of Atom 2

Atom 2 is \( C \) with four single bonds (\( CH_3 - \)). It has 4 electron - group. According to \( VSEPR \) theory, the hybridization is \( sp^3 \).

Step3: Analyze Bond 1

Bond 1 is a double bond (\( C = C \)). A double bond consists of 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond.

Step4: Count total sigma and pi bonds

• Sigma bonds:
• All single bonds are sigma bonds.
• Each double bond has 1 sigma bond and each triple bond has 1 sigma bond.
• Count the single bonds: There are 12 single bonds (count \( C - H \), \( C - C \), \( C - O \) single bonds). And there are 2 double bonds (each contributes 1 sigma bond) and 1 triple bond (contributes 1 sigma bond). So total sigma bonds \(=12 + 2+1=15\).
• Pi bonds:
• Each double bond has 1 pi bond and each triple bond has 2 pi bonds.
• There are 2 double bonds (each contributes 1 pi bond) and 1 triple bond (contributes 2 pi bonds). So total pi bonds \(=2\times1 + 2=4\).

Answer:

Atom 1 is \( sp \) hybridized and Atom 2 is \( sp^3 \) hybridized. Bond 1 consists of \( 1 \) sigma bond and \( 1 \) pi bond. This molecule has a total of \( 15 \) sigma bonds and \( 4 \) pi bonds.