Question

question 51 (2 points)
how many electrons are there in the highest occupied energy level of atoms in group 5a elements?

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question 52 (2 points)
how many electrons are present in the d sublevel of a neutral atom of nickel?

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question 53 (2 points)
how many electrons are in a rubidium ion (rb)?

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question 54 (2 points)
how many electrons does the ion ca contain?

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Explanation:

Question 51

Step1: Recall group number and valence electrons

In the periodic table, for main - group elements (Groups 1A - 8A), the group number (excluding the 'A') gives the number of valence electrons (electrons in the highest occupied energy level). For Group 5A elements, the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level is equal to the group number (when considering the 'A' groups).

Question 52

Step1: Write the electron configuration of nickel

The atomic number of nickel (\(Ni\)) is \(Z = 28\). The electron configuration of \(Ni\) is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{8}\). The \(d\) sub - level in nickel is the \(3d\) sub - level, and it has \(8\) electrons.

Question 53

Step1: Determine the atomic number of rubidium and its ion formation

The atomic number of rubidium (\(Rb\)) is \(Z = 37\). A rubidium ion (\(Rb^{+}\)) is formed by losing one electron. So the number of electrons in \(Rb^{+}\) is \(37-1=36\).

Question 54

Step1: Determine the atomic number of calcium and its ion formation

The atomic number of calcium (\(Ca\)) is \(Z = 20\). A calcium ion (\(Ca^{2 +}\)) is formed by losing two electrons. So the number of electrons in \(Ca^{2+}\) is \(20 - 2=18\).

Answer:

Question 51: \(5\)
Question 52: \(8\)
Question 53: \(36\)
Question 54: \(18\)