Question

question 42 (1 point)
which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy?
o a magnesium
o b calcium
o c sodium
o d potassium

question 43 (1 point)
which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity?
o a carbon
o b fluorine
o c lithium
o d bromine

question 44 (1 point)
which statement is true about electronegativity?
o a electronegativity generally is higher for metals than for nonmetals
o b electronegativity is the ability of an anion to attract another anion
o c electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period
o d electronegativity generally increases as you move from top to bottom within a group

Explanation:

Question 42

• First ionization energy generally decreases down a group and increases across a period.
• Magnesium and sodium are in period 3, calcium in period 4, potassium in period 4.
• Among these, potassium is further down the group (Group 1) compared to sodium (Group 1), calcium (Group 2), and magnesium (Group 2). As we move down a group, the atomic radius increases, and the outermost electron is less tightly held, so first ionization energy decreases.

• Electronegativity generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.
• Carbon is a non - metal in period 2, fluorine is a non - metal in period 2 (more electronegative than carbon), lithium is a metal in period 2, bromine is a non - metal in period 4.
• Metals generally have lower electronegativity than non - metals. Among the given options, lithium is a metal, while carbon, fluorine, and bromine are non - metals.

• Option a: Non - metals generally have higher electronegativity than metals.
• Option b: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom in a chemical bond to attract electrons to itself, not an anion attracting another anion.
• Option c: As we move from left to right across a period, the nuclear charge increases, and the atomic radius decreases, so the ability of an atom to attract electrons (electronegativity) increases.
• Option d: Electronegativity generally decreases as we move from top to bottom within a group due to an increase in atomic radius.

Answer:

d. potassium

Question 43