Question

practice
basic

1. baking powder is used to raise dough in baking. it contains a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid.

when baking powder is heated in the oven, a two - step reaction occurs. the word equations for this two - step reaction are given below. carbon dioxide gas is given off in both steps to raise the dough.
step 1:
sodium hydrogen carbonate (stackrel{heat}{ longrightarrow}) sodium carbonate + carbon dioxide + water
step 2:
sodium carbonate + tartaric acid (longrightarrow) sodium tartrate + carbon dioxide + x
sodium carbonate has an unpleasant taste, while sodium tartrate has a pleasant taste.
(a) the chemical formula of tartaric acid is (c_{4}h_{6}o_{6}).
complete the table to show the elements and the number of atoms of each eleme in tartaric acid.

element	number of atoms

(b) name the type of reaction happening in step 1.
(c) optional for q2 science
name substance x that is formed in step 2.

Explanation:

Part (a)

Step1: Analyze Carbon Atoms

The formula is \( C_4H_6O_6 \). For carbon (C), the subscript is 4, so number of C atoms is 4.

Step2: Analyze Hydrogen Atoms

For hydrogen (H), the subscript is 6, so number of H atoms is 6.

Step3: Analyze Oxygen Atoms

For oxygen (O), the subscript is 6, so number of O atoms is 6.

In Step 1, sodium hydrogen carbonate decomposes into sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water on heating. A decomposition reaction is when a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

In Step 2, sodium carbonate (\( Na_2CO_3 \)) reacts with tartaric acid (\( C_4H_6O_6 \)). The reaction is a neutralization (or double displacement) reaction. The products are sodium tartrate, carbon dioxide, and water. By balancing or analyzing reactants (Na, C, H, O from \( Na_2CO_3 \) and \( C_4H_6O_6 \)) and products (sodium tartrate, \( CO_2 \)), the missing substance X is water (\( H_2O \)).

Answer:

Element	Number of atoms
Hydrogen (H)	6
Oxygen (O)	6

Part (b)