Question

in this performance task, you will answer 4 questions.
the united nations declared the year 2019 as the year of the periodic table. the year 2019 marks 150 years since the discovery of the periodic system of the arrangement of elements which led to the periodic table, mostly credited to dmitri mendeleev. since 1869, scientists have discovered or synthesized a number of new elements which exhibit properties in keeping with the logic of the arrangement of elements in the periodic table. like mendeleev, scientists have been able to predict the atomic number, placement in the periodic table, and properties of elements that had not yet been discovered or synthesized.
in 2016, the international union of pure and applied chemistry (iupac) announced the discovery of four new elements with atomic number, name, and symbol as follows:

• 113, nihonium; nh
• 115, moscovium, mc
• 117, tennessine, ts
• 118, oganesson, og

these new elements all occupy period 7 of the table, with oganesson (og) being a noble gas.
the search is now on for element with atomic number 119. based on periodic trends, which of the following would most likely be true of this element?
○ it would be placed in period 7
○ it would be a nonmetal
○ it would most likely form cations when it reacts
○ it would have a full valence shell of electrons.

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the period placement

Since elements 113 - 118 are in Period 7 and element 119 has a higher atomic number, it will be in Period 8. So the option "It would be placed in Period 7" is wrong.

Step2: Analyze the metal - non - metal property

As we move down a group, metallic character increases. The element with atomic number 119 will be a metal (not a non - metal). So the option "It would be a nonmetal" is wrong.

Step3: Analyze the ion - formation

Metals tend to lose electrons and form cations. Since element 119 is a metal (based on periodic trends), it would most likely form cations when it reacts.

Step4: Analyze the valence - shell electrons

A full valence shell (like noble gases) is not expected for element 119. Noble gases in Period 7 have atomic number 118. Element 119 has one more electron than a noble gas configuration.

Answer:

It would most likely form cations when it reacts.