Question

part 1 draw the attraction between a water molecule and a molecule of ph₃ first, draw one molecule and add the partial charges where needed - use the δen to determine the types of bonds. then, draw the second molecule so that the δ+ on one molecule lines up across from the δ- on the other. since we cant draw the molecules here you will answer questions about the drawings that you made on the homework worksheet. ph₃ has 1 bonds with a δen = 2. ph₃ has 4 reds and is symmetrical/asymmetrical (answer is 3) but it is a polar/nonpolar (answer is 4) molecule. each h has a 5 charge and the p has a 6 charge. h₂o has 2 7 bonds with a δen = 8. a. nonpolar covalent b. polar covalent c. ionic d. polar e. nonpolar f. 0.97 g. 0 h. 0.01 i. 0.94 j. 0.40 k. 1.24 l. diatomic m. bent n. pyramidal o. planar trigonal p. tetrahedral q. symmetrical r. asymmetrical s. londons t. dipole - dipole u. hydrogen bond v. ion - dipole w. δ+ x. δ- y. no partial charge

Explanation:

Step1: Determine bond type for \(PH_3\)

The electronegativity of \(P = 2.19\) and \(H=2.20\). \(\Delta EN=\vert2.20 - 2.19\vert= 0.01\). Since \(\Delta EN<0.5\), the bonds in \(PH_3\) are non - polar covalent. So, for the first blank (1), the bond type is non - polar covalent (A), and for the second blank (2), \(\Delta EN = 0.01\) (H).

Step2: Analyze molecular symmetry and polarity of \(PH_3\)

\(PH_3\) has a trigonal pyramidal shape (due to 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair). It is asymmetrical (R) because of the lone pair. Since the bond dipoles do not cancel out (as the molecule is asymmetrical), \(PH_3\) is a polar (D) molecule.

Step3: Determine partial charges in \(PH_3\)

In \(PH_3\), since \(H\) has a slightly higher electronegativity (\(EN_H = 2.20\) and \(EN_P=2.19\)), each \(H\) has a \(\delta+\) (W) charge and \(P\) has a \(\delta-\) (X) charge.

Step4: Determine bond type for \(H_2O\)

The electronegativity of \(O = 3.44\) and \(H = 2.20\). \(\Delta EN=\vert3.44 - 2.20\vert=1.24\) (K). Since \(0.5<\Delta EN<1.7\), the bonds in \(H_2O\) are polar covalent (B).

Answer:

1. A. nonpolar covalent
2. H. 0.01
3. R. asymmetrical
4. D. polar
5. W. \(\delta+\)
6. X. \(\delta-\)
7. B. polar covalent
8. K. 1.24