Question

name
periodic table review
ans:
color\tcolumn #\tfamily name\tcolor\tcolumn #\tfamily name
\t\talkali metals\t\t\talkaline earth metals
\t\ttransition metals\t\t\tmetalloids
\t\thalogens\t\t\tnoble gases
label the oxidation numbers and number of valence electrons of each representative column. label metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
column =

period =

Explanation:

Step1: Recall Periodic Table Basics

Columns (groups) in the periodic table are vertical, and periods are horizontal. For representative elements (main - group elements), column number relates to valence electrons and oxidation states. Metals are on the left, non - metals on the right, metalloids along the staircase.

Step2: Identify Column (Group) Properties

• Alkali Metals (Group 1): 1 valence electron, oxidation number +1, all are metals.
• Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): 2 valence electrons, oxidation number +2, all are metals.
• Halogens (Group 17): 7 valence electrons, oxidation number - 1 (in compounds with metals), non - metals.
• Noble Gases (Group 18): 8 valence electrons (except He with 2), oxidation number 0, non - metals (gaseous).
• Metalloids: Elements like B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po (and At sometimes) have properties of both metals and non - metals, located along the diagonal line between metals and non - metals.

Step3: Label the Periodic Table Sketch

• Metals: Shade or label the left - most and middle regions (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, etc.).
• Non - metals: Shade or label the right - most region (halogens, noble gases, and some others like O, N, C, etc.).
• Metalloids: Label the elements along the staircase (e.g., B, Si, Ge, etc.).
• For oxidation numbers and valence electrons:
• Group 1: Valence e⁻ = 1, Oxidation number = +1
• Group 2: Valence e⁻ = 2, Oxidation number = +2
• Group 13: Valence e⁻ = 3, Oxidation number = +3 (mostly)
• Group 14: Valence e⁻ = 4, Oxidation number = +4 or - 4
• Group 15: Valence e⁻ = 5, Oxidation number = - 3 (mostly in compounds with metals)
• Group 16: Valence e⁻ = 6, Oxidation number = - 2 (mostly in compounds with metals)
• Group 17: Valence e⁻ = 7, Oxidation number = - 1 (mostly in compounds with metals)
• Group 18: Valence e⁻ = 8 (He: 2), Oxidation number = 0

Step4: Define Column and Period

• Column (Group): A vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons (for main - group elements) and similar chemical properties.
• Period: A horizontal row in the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

Answer:

The periodic table is labeled by identifying metals (left/middle), non - metals (right), metalloids (staircase), and assigning valence electrons (e.g., Group 1: 1, Group 2: 2, Group 17: 7, Group 18: 8) and oxidation numbers (e.g., Group 1: +1, Group 2: +2, Group 17: - 1, Group 18: 0) to representative groups. Columns are vertical (same valence e⁻, similar properties), periods are horizontal (same electron shells).