Question

multiple select question
select all that apply
which factors affect the strength of attraction of each atom to the electrons in a covalent bond?
charge of nucleus
number of electrons in atom
number of neutrons in atom
size of atom
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Explanation:

• Charge of nucleus: A higher - charged nucleus has a stronger electrostatic attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond.
• Size of atom: Smaller atoms have their valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Since the electrostatic force \(F = k\frac{q_1q_2}{r^{2}}\) (where \(k\) is a constant, \(q_1\) and \(q_2\) are charges, and \(r\) is the distance between them), a smaller \(r\) (for smaller atoms) means a stronger attraction of the nucleus for the bonding electrons.
• The number of electrons in an atom (except for valence electrons which are involved in bonding) and the number of neutrons (which are neutral and do not directly participate in electrostatic interactions with electrons) do not directly affect the strength of attraction of each atom to the electrons in a covalent bond.

Answer:

charge of nucleus, size of atom