Question

mastery quiz: ionic bonding

1. *which lewis dot diagram below correctly shows the ionic compound formed between potassium and phosphorus?

(a) 3k^+1 p^-3
(b) k^+1 3:p:^-3
(c) 7p^-5 5:k:^+7
(d) 3k^+1 :p:^-3

the table below shows only the valence configuration for two unidentified elements, q and x. the
\ represents the valence energy level. use this table for questions 9 - 13.

element	valence electron configuration
x	n s^2 n p^4

1. *what is the charge of the ion formed by element q?

(a) +1
(b) +2
(c) +3
(d) -2
(e) 0

1. *which of the following shows the correct lewis dot diagram for a neutral atom of element x?

(a)
\dot{x}

(b)
\ddot{x}

(c)
:\ddot{x}:^{2-}

(d)
x^{2+}

(e)
x^{2-}

1. *what is the formula formed between q and x?

(a) qx
(b) q₂x
(c) qx₂
(d) q₂x₃
(e) q₃x₂

1. consider element x. which element below would form the same ratio as x with element q?

(a) magnesium
(b) gallium
(c) nitrogen
(d) sulfur
(e) neon

1. the pure ionic compound formed between q and x is likely a ___ at room temperature.

(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gas
(d) cannot be predicted

Explanation:

To solve these chemistry - related questions, we need to use concepts from the subfield of Chemistry (under Natural Science). For question 9 (charge of ion formed by Q), we analyze the valence electron configuration of Q. If Q has a certain number of valence electrons, we can determine if it gains or loses electrons to form an ion and thus the charge. For question 10 (Lewis dot diagram of X), we consider the valence electrons of X and how they are represented in the Lewis dot structure (either as dots around the symbol or in brackets with a charge if it's an ion, but for a neutral atom, we show the valence electrons as dots). For question 11 (formula between Q and X), we use the charges of the ions formed by Q and X (determined from their valence electron configurations) to apply the criss - cross method to find the chemical formula. For question 12 (element with same ratio as X with Q), we first find the ratio of Q to X in their compound, then check the valence electron configurations of the given elements to see which one has a similar bonding behavior with Q as X does. For question 13 (state of compound QX), we consider the type of bond (ionic or covalent) between Q and X. If it's an ionic compound, we know that most ionic compounds are solids at room temperature.

Let's assume some common valence electron configurations. Suppose Q has a valence electron configuration that makes it form a +2 ion (losing 2 electrons) and X has a valence electron configuration that makes it form a -2 ion (gaining 2 electrons).

Question 9:

If Q has a valence electron configuration that leads it to lose 2 electrons to achieve a stable octet (or duplet), then the charge of the ion formed by Q would be +2. So the answer is (C).

Question 10:

For a neutral atom of X, if X has 6 valence electrons (from its valence configuration), the Lewis dot diagram would show 6 dots around the symbol of X. Looking at the options, option (B) shows the correct Lewis dot structure for a neutral atom with 6 valence electrons (the two dots on each side, total 6). So the answer is (B).

Question 11:

If Q forms a \(Q^{2 +}\) ion and X forms an \(X^{2-}\) ion, using the criss - cross method (the charge of one ion becomes the subscript of the other), the formula would be \(QX\) (since \(2+\) and \(2-\) cancel out). So the answer is (B).

Question 12:

If Q forms \(Q^{2+}\) and X forms \(X^{2-}\), the ratio is 1:1. Magnesium (Mg) forms \(Mg^{2+}\), nitrogen (N) forms \(N^{3-}\), gallium (Ga) forms \(Ga^{3+}\), sulfur (S) forms \(S^{2-}\). So sulfur (S) has the same charge as X (\(2-\)), so the ratio of Q to S would also be 1:1 (since Q is \(2+\) and S is \(2-\)). So the answer is (D).

Question 13:

The compound formed between Q (\(Q^{2+}\)) and X (\(X^{2-}\)) is an ionic compound (since it's formed between a metal - like ion and a non - metal - like ion, assuming Q is a metal and X is a non - metal). Ionic compounds are generally solids at room temperature. So the answer is (A).

Answer:

1. (C) +2
2. (B) The Lewis dot structure with 6 dots around X (the second option)
3. (B) \(QX\)
4. (D) sulfur
5. (A) solid