Question

an experimental setup is shown here as a flame is added to a liquid until a vapor phase is formed. how should the researcher plan this experiment to test that temperature directly affects the kinetic energy of a substance? select all statements that apply.
a
the researcher should note at what temperature the liquid becomes a gas.
b
the researcher should add more liquid to the substance while it is boiling.
c
the researcher should add a new liquid while the original substance is boiling.
d
the researcher should measure the temperature of the liquid with a thermometer as varying levels of flame are applied.
e
the researcher should record how long it takes for the entirety of the liquid to evaporate into a gas at the varying levels of heat that were applied.

Explanation:

To determine the correct statements for the experiment testing how temperature affects kinetic energy (via heating a liquid to vaporize it):

• Option A: Noting the boiling point (temperature at which liquid becomes gas) is relevant to see temperature - kinetic energy relation (boiling involves energy change), so A applies.
• Option B: Adding more liquid during boiling would change the system (mass, heat required), interfering with testing temperature - kinetic energy (since we want to test effect of temperature, not mass/volume changes), so B does not apply.
• Option C: Adding a new liquid changes the substance, so we can’t test the effect on the original substance’s kinetic energy, so C does not apply.
• Option D: Measuring temperature with a thermometer at varying heat levels (different temperatures) helps track how temperature (from heat) affects the liquid (kinetic energy related to temperature), so D applies.
• Option E: Recording evaporation time at varying heat (temperature) levels: kinetic energy affects evaporation rate (higher KE, faster evaporation), so time data relates to kinetic energy change with temperature, so E applies.

Answer:

A. The researcher should note at what temperature the liquid becomes a gas.
D. The researcher should measure the temperature of the liquid with a thermometer as varying levels of flame are applied.
E. The researcher should record how long it takes for the entirety of the liquid to evaporate into a gas at the varying levels of heat that were applied.