Question

energy
equations:
pe = mgh ke = ½ mv² w = f × d
f = g × m p = w / t

1. match the following types of potential energy with the correct definition:

______ gravitational a. the energy needed to move a charge against an electrical field.
______ chemical b. energy stored in the nuclei of atoms.
______ electrical c. energy stored in the bonds of substances
______ elastic d. stored energy due to gravity
______ nuclear e. potential energy stored up as a result of force exerted on an elastic object.

1. match the following types of kinetic energy with the correct definition:

______ mechanical a. movement of particles due to a change in temperature
______ electrical b. energy that travels via electromagnetic radiation in the form of waves
______ light/solar c. energy of an object in motion
______ sound d. energy produced from vibrations that travel in the form of waves
______ thermal e. energy caused by the movement of charges

Explanation:

• Gravitational potential energy: It is the energy related to the gravitational force. The formula \(PE = mgh\) (where \(h\) is the height in a gravitational field) implies it is due to gravity. So it matches with D (Stored energy due to gravity).
• Chemical potential energy: Chemical reactions involve breaking and forming bonds. The energy stored in these bonds is chemical potential energy. So it matches with C (Energy stored in the bonds of substances).
• Electrical potential energy: Moving a charge against an electrical field requires work which is stored as electrical potential energy. So it matches with A (The energy needed to move a charge against an electrical field).
• Elastic potential energy: When a force is exerted on an elastic object (like a spring being compressed or stretched), potential energy is stored. So it matches with E (Potential energy stored up as a result of force exerted on an elastic object).
• Nuclear potential energy: The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons. The energy stored in the nucleus (related to forces within the nucleus) is nuclear energy. So it matches with B (Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms).

• Mechanical kinetic energy: An object in motion (whether translational or rotational) has mechanical kinetic energy. The formula \(KE=\frac{1}{2}mV^{2}\) is for translational mechanical kinetic energy. So it matches with C (Energy of an object in motion).
• Electrical kinetic energy: The movement of electric charges (electrons in a wire, for example) constitutes electrical kinetic energy. So it matches with E (Energy caused by the movement of charges).
• Light/Solar kinetic energy: Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Solar energy is a type of light energy. So it matches with B (Energy that travels via electromagnetic radiation in the form of waves).
• Sound kinetic energy: Sound is produced by vibrations. These vibrations travel as waves. So it matches with D (Energy produced from vibrations that travel in the form of waves).
• Thermal kinetic energy: Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles. A change in temperature causes particle movement (vibration or translation for gases/liquids). So it matches with A (Movement of particles due to a change in temperature).

Answer:

1.

• Gravitational: D
• Chemical: C
• Electrical: A
• Elastic: E
• Nuclear: B

2.

• Mechanical: C
• Electrical: E
• Light/Solar: B
• Sound: D
• Thermal: A