Question

for each chemical reaction in the table below, decide whether the highlighted reactant is a brønsted-lowry acid, a brønsted-lowry base, or neither.

reaction
highlighted reactant
brønsted-lowry acid
brønsted-lowry base
neither
hclo₃(aq) + oh⁻(aq) → clo₃⁻(aq) + h₂o(l)
clo₃⁻(aq) + h₂o(l) → hclo₃(aq) + oh⁻(aq)
clo₃⁻(aq) + h₂o(l) → hclo₃(aq) + oh⁻(aq)
hclo₃(aq) + oh⁻(aq) → clo₃⁻(aq) + h₂o(l)

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Explanation:

Step1: Recall Bronsted - Lowry acid - base definition

A Bronsted - Lowry acid is a proton (\(H^{+}\)) donor, and a Bronsted - Lowry base is a proton (\(H^{+}\)) acceptor.

Step2: Analyze each reaction

• For the reaction \(HClO_{3}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\to ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)\), \(HClO_{3}\) donates a proton (\(H^{+}\)) to \(OH^{-}\), so \(HClO_{3}\) is a Bronsted - Lowry acid.
• For the reaction \(ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)\to HClO_{3}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\), \(H_{2}O\) donates a proton (\(H^{+}\)) to \(ClO_{3}^{-}\), so \(ClO_{3}^{-}\) is a Bronsted - Lowry base (it accepts the proton).
• For the reaction \(ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)\to HClO_{3}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\) (again, same as above analysis for \(ClO_{3}^{-}\) as base).
• For the reaction \(HClO_{3}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\to ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)\) (again, same as first reaction analysis for \(HClO_{3}\) as acid).

Answer:

reaction	Bronsted - Lowry acid	Bronsted - Lowry base	neither
\(ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)\to HClO_{3}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\)	\(H_{2}O(l)\)	\(ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)\)
\(ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)\to HClO_{3}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\)	\(H_{2}O(l)\)	\(ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)\)
\(HClO_{3}(aq)+OH^{-}(aq)\to ClO_{3}^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)\)	\(HClO_{3}(aq)\)	\(OH^{-}(aq)\)