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Question
3 divers found two substances on the bottom of the ocean. at room temperature, both substances are liquid. scientists then transferred the same amount of energy out of both substances. when a scientist checked again, substance 1 had changed phase, but substance 2 had not. how are substances 1 and 2 different? substance 1 has a...
a weaker attraction between its molecules than substance 2. its molecules now move in place.
b weaker attraction between its molecules than substance 2. its molecules now move around each other.
c stronger attraction between its molecules than substance 2. its molecules now move away from each other.
d stronger attraction between its molecules than substance 2. its molecules now move in place.
Para resolver esto, analizamos la energía y las fuerzas intermoleculares. Ambas substancias reciben la misma energía. Substancia 1 cambia de fase (por ejemplo, de líquido a gas), lo que requiere superar fuerzas intermoleculares. Substancia 2 no cambia de fase, así que sus fuerzas intermoleculares son más fuertes o no se superaron. Pero al recibir la misma energía, si Substancia 1 cambió de fase, significa que sus fuerzas intermoleculares son más débiles que las de Substancia 2 (porque menos energía se necesita para superarlas). Además, cuando una sustancia cambia de fase de líquido a gas, las moléculas se separan (se mueven alrededor una de la otra, ya que en el gas las moléculas tienen más movimiento y separación). Entonces, la opción que combina "weaker attraction between its molecules than Substance 2" y "its molecules now move around each other" es la opción b.
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b. weaker attraction between its molecules than Substance 2. Its molecules now move around each other.