Question

complete the following:

1. for each of the ions listed, identify the total number of electrons for each
2. al⁺³
3. fe⁺³
4. mg⁺²
5. sn⁺²
6. ca⁺²
7. co⁺³
8. li⁺¹
9. cr⁺³
10. rb⁺¹
11. pt⁺²

1. for each of the following ions, indicate the total number of protons and electrons in the ion.

ion	number of protons	number of electrons
co⁺²
co⁺³
cl⁻¹
k⁺¹
s⁻²
sr⁺²
al⁺³
p⁻³

1. here are three isotopes of an element: (_{6}^{12}c) (_{6}^{13}c) (_{6}^{14}c)

a. the element is:

b. the number 6 refers to the

c. the numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the

d. how many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope?

e. how many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope?

f. how many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope?

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic - number and charge rules

Atomic number = number of protons. For ions, number of electrons = atomic number - charge (if positive) or + charge (if negative).

Step2: Calculate electrons for 1.

• For $Al^{+3}$: Al has atomic number 13, electrons = 13 - 3=10.
• For $Fe^{+3}$: Fe has atomic number 26, electrons = 26 - 3 = 23.
• For $Mg^{+2}$: Mg has atomic number 12, electrons = 12 - 2 = 10.
• For $Sn^{+2}$: Sn has atomic number 50, electrons = 50 - 2 = 48.
• For $Ca^{+2}$: Ca has atomic number 20, electrons = 20 - 2 = 18.
• For $Co^{+3}$: Co has atomic number 27, electrons = 27 - 3 = 24.
• For $Li^{+1}$: Li has atomic number 3, electrons = 3 - 1 = 2.
• For $Cr^{+3}$: Cr has atomic number 24, electrons = 24 - 3 = 21.
• For $Rb^{+1}$: Rb has atomic number 37, electrons = 37 - 1 = 36.
• For $Pt^{+2}$: Pt has atomic number 78, electrons = 78 - 2 = 76.

Step3: Calculate protons and electrons for 2.

• For $Co^{+2}$: Protons = 27, electrons = 27 - 2 = 25.
• For $Co^{+3}$: Protons = 27, electrons = 27 - 3 = 24.
• For $Cl^{-1}$: Protons = 17, electrons = 17+1 = 18.
• For $K^{+1}$: Protons = 19, electrons = 19 - 1 = 18.
• For $S^{-2}$: Protons = 16, electrons = 16 + 2 = 18.
• For $Sr^{+2}$: Protons = 38, electrons = 38 - 2 = 36.
• For $Al^{+3}$: Protons = 13, electrons = 13 - 3 = 10.
• For $P^{-3}$: Protons = 15, electrons = 15+3 = 18.

Step4: Analyze isotopes for 3.

• a. The element is carbon.
• b. The number 6 refers to the atomic number.
• c. The numbers 12, 13, 14 refer to the mass - numbers.
• d. For $_{6}^{12}C$: Protons = 6, neutrons = 12 - 6 = 6.
• e. For $_{6}^{13}C$: Protons = 6, neutrons = 13 - 6 = 7.
• f. For $_{6}^{14}C$: Protons = 6, neutrons = 14 - 6 = 8.

Answer:

1.

1. 10
2. 23
3. 10
4. 48
5. 18
6. 24
7. 2
8. 21
9. 36
10. 76

2.
$Co^{+2}$: 27 protons, 25 electrons
$Co^{+3}$: 27 protons, 24 electrons
$Cl^{-1}$: 17 protons, 18 electrons
$K^{+1}$: 19 protons, 18 electrons
$S^{-2}$: 16 protons, 18 electrons
$Sr^{+2}$: 38 protons, 36 electrons
$Al^{+3}$: 13 protons, 10 electrons
$P^{-3}$: 15 protons, 18 electrons
3.
a. Carbon
b. Atomic number
c. Mass - numbers
d. 6 protons, 6 neutrons
e. 6 protons, 7 neutrons
f. 6 protons, 8 neutrons