Question

1. choose all that apply.

which three elements can hydrogen form a hydrogen bond with?
osmium
nitrogen
fluorine
oxygen
nickel

1. order the intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest.

dispersion
hydrogen
dipole - dipole

Explanation:

• For question 8: Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative elements. Nitrogen (\(N\)), oxygen (\(O\)), and fluorine (\(F\)) are highly electronegative. Osmium (\(Os\)) and nickel (\(Ni\)) are metals and do not form hydrogen bonds with hydrogen in the context of hydrogen bonding (as per the definition of hydrogen - bond in chemistry where it is a special case of dipole - dipole interaction involving \(N - H\), \(O - H\), or \(F - H\) bonds).
• For question 9: London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces as they are due to temporary electron - cloud distortions. Dipole - dipole forces are stronger than dispersion forces as they are due to the interaction between permanent dipoles in polar molecules. Hydrogen bonds are a special and stronger type of dipole - dipole interaction (because of the large electronegativity difference between \(H\) and \(N/O/F\)).

Answer:

1. B. nitrogen, C. fluorine, D. oxygen
2. dispersion < dipole - dipole < hydrogen