Question

chemical bonds
2 types of bonds
review
vocabulary
atom
recall the definition of the review vocabulary term.
atom
new vocabulary
write the correct vocabulary term in the left column for each
definition below.
a charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than it has
protons
the force of attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion in an
ionic compound
the force of attraction between two atoms that share electrons
the neutral particle that forms when atoms share electrons
a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally
a molecule that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end
a molecule that shares electrons equally and does not have
oppositely charged ends

Explanation:

• For "a charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than it has protons": An ion is defined as such. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion. For example, sodium (Na) can lose one electron to become \(Na^{+}\) (a cation, a positively - charged ion) and chlorine (Cl) can gain one electron to become \(Cl^{-}\) (an anion, a negatively - charged ion).
• For "the force of attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion in an ionic compound": This is called an ionic bond. In an ionic compound like \(NaCl\), the electrostatic force of attraction between \(Na^{+}\) and \(Cl^{-}\) ions holds the compound together.
• For "the force of attraction between two atoms that share electrons": This is a covalent bond. In a molecule like \(H_{2}\), the two hydrogen atoms share electrons.
• For "the neutral particle that forms when atoms share electrons": This is a molecule. For example, when two hydrogen atoms share electrons to form \(H_{2}\), \(H_{2}\) is a molecule.
• For "a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally": This is a non - polar covalent bond. In \(H_{2}\), since both atoms are the same (hydrogen), the electrons are shared equally.
• For "a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally": This is a polar covalent bond. In \(H_{2}O\), oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, so the electrons are shared unequally.
• For "a molecule that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end": This is a polar molecule. In \(H_{2}O\), due to the polar covalent bonds and the bent shape of the molecule, it has a slightly positive (around hydrogen) and slightly negative (around oxygen) end.
• For "a molecule that shares electrons equally and does not have oppositely charged ends": This is a non - polar molecule. \(H_{2}\) is a non - polar molecule as the electrons are shared equally and there are no charge separations.

Answer:

• "a charged particle that has either more or fewer electrons than it has protons": ion
• "the force of attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion in an ionic compound": ionic bond
• "the force of attraction between two atoms that share electrons": covalent bond
• "the neutral particle that forms when atoms share electrons": molecule
• "a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally": non - polar covalent bond
• "a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally": polar covalent bond
• "a molecule that has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end": polar molecule
• "a molecule that shares electrons equally and does not have oppositely charged ends": non - polar molecule