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how can an ion be created?
by adding or extracting electrons.
by adding or extracting neutrons.
by adding or extracting protons.
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Explanation:

Step1: Recall definition of ion

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

Step2: Analyze each option

  • Adding or extracting protons changes the element (as proton number defines the element), not creating an ion.
  • Adding or extracting neutrons changes the isotope (as neutron number affects isotopic form), not creating an ion.
  • Adding or extracting electrons changes the electron - proton balance. When electrons are lost (extracted), there is a positive charge (cation); when electrons are gained (added), there is a negative charge (anion), which creates an ion.

Answer:

By adding or extracting electrons.