Question

analyzing the elements of a scientific method
read the following story and then answer the questions.
a scientist wants to find out why sea water freezes at a
lower temperature than fresh water. the scientist goes to the
library and reads a number of articles about the physical
properties of solutions. the scientist also reads about the
composition of sea water. the scientist travels to a nearby
beach and observes the conditions there. the scientist notes the
taste of sea water and other factors such as waves, wind, air
pressure, temperature, and humidity. after considering all this
information, the scientist sits at a desk and writes, \if sea water
has salt in it, it will freeze at a lower temperature than fresh
water.\ the scientist goes the laboratory and does the following:
a. fills each of two beakers with 1 liter of fresh water
b. dissolves 35 grams of table salt in one of the beakers
c. places both beakers in a freezer at a temperature of -1°c
d. leaves the beakers in a freezer for 24 hours.
after 24 hours, the scientist examines both beakers and fins the fresh water to be frozen. the
salt water is still a liquid. the scientist writes in a notebook, \it appears that salt water freezes at a
lower temperature than fresh water.\ the scientist continues, \i suggest that sea water
freezes at a lower temperature is that sea water contains dissolved salts, while fresh water does
not.\

1. which statement(s) contain conch...
2. which statement(s) contain data?
3. which is the independent (manipulated) variable in the experiment?
4. what is the dependent (responding) variable in the experiment?

spongebob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they
used to be. his friend sandy told him that he should try using clean-o
detergent, a new brand of laundry soap she found at salt-mart. sponge bob
made sure to wash one pair of pants in plain water and another pair in water
with the clean-o detergent. after washing both pairs of pants a total of three
times, the pants washed in the clean-o detergent did not appear to be any
cleaner than the pants washed in plain water.
. problem spongebob wanted to investigate?

Explanation:

Data refers to information collected during an experiment. In the first experiment (sea - water freezing), statements c ("Dissolves 35 grams of table salt in one of the beakers") and d ("Leaves the beakers in a freezer for 24 hours, after 24 hours, the scientist examines both beakers and finds the fresh water to be frozen. The salt water is still a liquid. The scientist writes in a notebook, 'It appears that salt water freezes at a lower temperature than fresh water.'") contain data. Statement c describes an action (adding salt) which is part of data collection about the experimental setup, and statement d describes the observed results (freezing status of water) which is empirical data. In the Sponge - Bob experiment, there is no statement provided in the visible part of the question that clearly represents data in the same sense as in the first experiment.

Answer:

c and d.