Question

active chemicals found in cigarettes, tea, coffee, and soft drinks are examples of which of the following?
hallucinogen or psychedelic
antipsychotic
depressant
narcotic analgesic
stimulant
question 14
when a neuron is at rest
the interior is negatively charged.
it is not responding to a stimulus.
all of the choices.
there is a voltage difference across the membrane of about 70 millivolts.
the fluid outside the membrane has more sodium and less potassium than the cytoplasm.

Explanation:

• For the first question: Cigarettes contain nicotine (a stimulant), tea and coffee have caffeine (a stimulant), and some soft - drinks also have caffeine. Stimulants increase activity in the central nervous system. Hallucinogens/psychedelics cause perceptual distortions, antipsychotics are for mental disorders like schizophrenia, depressants slow down the CNS, and narcotic analgesics are for pain relief.
• For the second question: When a neuron is at rest (resting potential):
• The interior is negatively charged relative to the outside (due to ion distribution, more \(K^{+}\) inside and \(Na^{+}\) outside initially).
• It is not responding to a stimulus (as it is in a baseline state before depolarization).
• There is a voltage difference (resting membrane potential) of about - 70 millivolts (inside relative to outside).
• The fluid outside has more \(Na^{+}\) and less \(K^{+}\) than the cytoplasm (due to the action of the sodium - potassium pump which pumps \(3Na^{+}\) out and \(2K^{+}\) in).

Answer:

• First question: stimulant
• Second question: All of the choices