Question

10
sound may best be described as a form of
electrical energy
chemical energy
nuclear energy
mechanical energy
11
if the masses of two small satellites remain constant and the distance between them
increases, the force of attraction between them will
decrease
increase
remain the same
12
why does the moon only have \\( \frac { 1 } { 6 } \\) of the earths gravity?
it is made of basalt.
it has no atmosphere.
it is very far away from earth.
it has less mass than earth.
13
diegos class compares different ways to generate electricity. he decides to study
nuclear power. which of the following will diego find is most important to creating
energy by nuclear power?
atomic nuclei are broken apart.
electrons generate electric current.
chemical bonds between atoms change.
kinetic energy increases as heat increases.
14
the loss of an alpha particle has what effect on the atomic number and mass number
of an atom?
atomic number and mass number both decrease.
atomic number increases; mass number decreases.
atomic number decreases; mass number increases.
atomic number and mass number both increase.
15
the fundamental forces with the longest range. (select all that apply.)
strong force
weak force
electromagnetic force
gravitational force
16
scientists use models that show the features of an atom.
a scientist should use a model that
was the first to be developed
was most recently developed
shows the arrangement most clearly

Explanation:

1. Sound is a form of mechanical energy as it is created by the vibration of particles in a medium (like air, water, or solids), which is a characteristic of mechanical energy (involving motion or position of objects). Electrical energy is related to electric charges, chemical energy to chemical bonds, and nuclear energy to the nucleus of atoms.
2. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation \(F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^{2}}\) (where \(F\) is the gravitational force, \(G\) is the gravitational constant, \(m_1\) and \(m_2\) are the masses of the two objects, and \(r\) is the distance between them). When \(m_1\) and \(m_2\) are constant and \(r\) increases, the value of \(F\) (the force of attraction) decreases because \(F\) is inversely proportional to \(r^{2}\).
3. The gravitational force \(F = G\frac{Mm}{r^{2}}\), and the gravitational acceleration \(g=\frac{F}{m}=G\frac{M}{r^{2}}\) (where \(M\) is the mass of the large body, \(m\) is the mass of the small object). The Moon has less mass (\(M\)) than the Earth. The composition (being made of basalt), lack of atmosphere, or distance from Earth (the Moon - Earth distance is not relevant to the Moon's own gravity) do not explain its lower gravity compared to Earth.
4. Nuclear power generation is based on nuclear fission (in most reactors), where atomic nuclei (like uranium - 235) are broken apart. Electrons generating electric current is more related to electrical circuits in general (not specifically nuclear power). Chemical bonds changing is for chemical energy sources. Kinetic energy increasing with heat is a general thermodynamics concept not specific to nuclear power.
5. An alpha particle has 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The atomic number (\(Z\), number of protons) of an atom decreases by 2 (since an alpha particle has 2 protons) and the mass number (\(A\), number of protons + neutrons) decreases by 4 (2 protons + 2 neutrons).
6. The electromagnetic force (which has an infinite range in theory, as seen with light - electromagnetic waves traveling vast distances) and the gravitational force (which also has an infinite range, governing the motion of celestial bodies over large distances) have long ranges. The strong force (acts over a very short range, about \(10^{-15}\) meters, within the nucleus) and the weak force (acts over an extremely short range, about \(10^{-18}\) meters) have short ranges.
7. Scientists use models to represent and understand complex systems (like atoms). The most useful model is the one that shows the arrangement (of sub - atomic particles in an atom) most clearly. The first - developed model (like Dalton's solid - sphere model) or the most recently developed (if it's not clear) are not the criteria. The goal is clarity of representation.

Answer:

1. mechanical energy
2. decrease
3. It has less mass than Earth.
4. Atomic nuclei are broken apart.
5. Atomic number and mass number both decrease.
6. Electromagnetic Force, Gravitational Force
7. shows the arrangement most clearly