Question

\the magistrate in whom the whole executive power resides cannot of himself make a law, though he can put a negative on every law; nor administer justice in person, though he has the appointment of those who do administer it. the judges can exercise no executive prerogative, though they are shoots from the executive stock; nor any legislative function, though they may be advised with by the legislative councils. the entire legislature can perform no judiciary act, though by the joint act of two of its branches the judges may be removed from their offices, and though one of its branches is possessed of the judicial power in the last resort.\~james madison, federalist 47using the excerpt above, address the following question--which of the basic principles of the us constitution is being described in this excerpt by james madison?judicial reviewchecks and balanceslimited governmentpopular sovereignty

Explanation:

The text discusses how different branches (executive - magistrate, judicial - judges, legislative) have distinct powers and can influence each other. For example, the magistrate (executive) can put a negative on laws (legislative function check), the legislature (through two of its branches) can remove judges (judicial branch check). This is characteristic of the checks - and - balances system where each branch has some control over the others to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Judicial review is about the judiciary's power to review laws for constitutionality (not the main focus here). Limited government is about government power being restricted (not the key point in this excerpt). Popular sovereignty is about power residing with the people (not relevant to the inter - branch relationships described).

Answer:

Checks and balances