Question

iv. effects of imperialism
a. by 1914, ____ and ____ were the only two independent african nations.
b. ____ rule by the british maintained tribal customs. ____ rule by the french stressed assimilation and offered limited legislative opportunities.
c. african nationalists and intellectuals were often educated in ____ schools or in ____ nations.

Explanation:

• A: Ethiopia successfully resisted European colonization (e.g., the Battle of Adwa in 1896 against Italy), and Liberia was founded by freed American slaves and had a different colonial - like relationship (more of a protectorate - like status in some ways) that allowed it to maintain a form of independence compared to most African nations which were fully colonized by 1914.
• B: The British used indirect rule in many of their African colonies. They often worked through local chiefs and traditional authorities to maintain control while preserving some aspects of tribal customs. The French, on the other hand, used direct rule, which emphasized assimilation of the colonized people into French culture (e.g., teaching French language, French laws) and offered limited legislative opportunities within the colonial framework.
• C: African nationalists and intellectuals were often educated in missionary schools (which were set up by European Christian missionaries) as these schools provided access to Western - style education (reading, writing, arithmetic, and sometimes ideas about governance and rights). Also, some were educated in Western nations (e.g., studying in the UK, France, or the US) where they were exposed to ideas of nationalism, democracy, and self - determination that they later used in their fight for African independence.

Answer:

A. Ethiopia, Liberia
B. Indirect, Direct
C. missionary, Western