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Question

Solution Steps

1. Understand the question

   early biological explanations focused heavily on observable physical features of offenders. the basic argument was that offenders could be identified by their appearance. among the earliest of these approaches was:
   ○ atavism
   ○ phrenology
   ○ somatotypes
   ○ behavioral genetics

2. Brief Explanations

   Atavism, an early biological approach to criminology, argues that offenders are "throwbacks" to earlier evolutionary stages, identifiable by primitive physical features. Phrenology focuses on skull shape, somatotypes link body types to temperament, and behavioral genetics examines genetic links to behavior; none match the core focus on identifying offenders by observable physical appearance as the earliest of these specific approaches as closely as atavism.

3. Final answer

   A. atavism

Answer

Question Analysis

OCR Text

early biological explanations focused heavily on observable physical features of offenders. the basic argument was that offenders could be identified by their appearance. among the earliest of these approaches was:
○ atavism
○ phrenology
○ somatotypes
○ behavioral genetics

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