Question

1. you are writing a speech for school about the need for citizens to participate in their political system. who would you quote as the earliest proponent of this notion?

plato
alexis de tocqueville
john locke
aristotle

1. as discussed in the chapter, what term is used to describe each branch of governments separate and distinct sphere of power?

separation of powers
separate but equal
checks and balances
limited government

Explanation:

For question 16: Aristotle (384 - 322 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher who emphasized the importance of citizen participation in the polis (city - state). Plato (428/427 - 348/347 BCE) also wrote about governance, but Aristotle's works on political participation in a more practical sense for citizens are more relevant here. John Locke (1632 - 1704) and Alexis de Tocqueville (1805 - 1859) are much later figures.
For question 17: The term "separation of powers" is used to describe each branch of government (legislative, executive, judicial) having its own distinct sphere of power. "Separate but equal" was a legal doctrine related to racial segregation. "Checks and balances" is about the ability of each branch to limit the power of the others. "Limited government" is a broader concept about the scope of government power in general.

Answer:

1. Aristotle
2. separation of powers