Question

write the entire configuration for each of the following atoms.

1. sulfur (s) =
2. nitrogen (n) =
3. cadmium (cd) =
4. krypton (kr) =
5. chlorine (cl) =

write the abbreviated configuration for each of the following atoms.

1. silicon (si) =
2. scandium (sc) =
3. antimony (sb) =
4. hafnium (hf) =
5. lead (pb) =

identify the element from its configuration below.

1. he 2s²2p⁶ =
2. ne 3s²3p⁵ =
3. ar 4s²3d¹⁰ =
4. kr 5s²4d² =
5. xe 6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰ =
6. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s² =
7. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁴ =
8. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰ =
9. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p⁴ =
10. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p⁶7s²5f¹⁴6d¹ =

Explanation:

Step1: Determine the atomic number of each element

• Sulfur (S) has an atomic number of 16.
• Nitrogen (N) has an atomic number of 7.
• Cadmium (Cd) has an atomic number of 48.
• Krypton (Kr) has an atomic number of 36.
• Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number of 17.
• Silicon (Si) has an atomic number of 14.
• Scandium (Sc) has an atomic number of 21.
• Antimony (Sb) has an atomic number of 51.
• Hafnium (Hf) has an atomic number of 72.
• Lead (Pb) has an atomic number of 82.
• For the identification part, calculate the total number of electrons from the given configuration.

Step2: Write the electron configuration

• Sulfur (S):
• Using the Aufbau principle, the electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{4}\).
• Nitrogen (N):
• The electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{3}\).
• Cadmium (Cd):
• The electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}\).
• Krypton (Kr):
• The electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}\).
• Chlorine (Cl):
• The electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{5}\).
• Silicon (Si) (abbreviated):
• \([Ne]3s^{2}3p^{2}\) (since Ne has \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}\)).
• Scandium (Sc) (abbreviated):
• \([Ar]4s^{2}3d^{1}\) (since Ar has \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}\)).
• Antimony (Sb) (abbreviated):
• \([Kr]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{3}\) (since Kr has \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}\)).
• Hafnium (Hf) (abbreviated):
• \([Xe]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{2}\) (since Xe has \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}\)).
• Lead (Pb) (abbreviated):
• \([Xe]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{2}\).
• Identification:
• 11. \([He]2s^{2}2p^{6}\):
• He has 2 electrons, and \(2 + 2+6 = 10\) electrons. The element is Neon (Ne).
• 12. \([Ne]3s^{2}3p^{5}\):
• Ne has 10 electrons, and \(10+2 + 5=17\) electrons. The element is Chlorine (Cl).
• 13. \([Ar]4s^{2}3d^{10}\):
• Ar has 18 electrons, and \(18+2+10 = 30\) electrons. The element is Zinc (Zn).
• 14. \([Kr]5s^{2}4d^{2}\):
• Kr has 36 electrons, and \(36+2+2 = 38\) electrons. The element is Zirconium (Zr).
• 15. \([Xe]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}\):
• Xe has 54 electrons, and \(54+2+14 + 10=80\) electrons. The element is Mercury (Hg).
• 16. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}\):
• Total electrons \(2+2+6+2+6+2 = 20\). The element is Calcium (Ca).
• 17. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{4}\):
• Total electrons \(2+2+6+2+6+2+10+6+2+10+4 = 52\). The element is Tellurium (Te).
• 18. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}\):
• Total electrons \(2+2+6+2+6+2+10 = 30\). The element is Zinc (Zn).
• 19. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{4}\):
• Total electrons \(2+2+6+2+6+2+10+6+2+10+6+2+14+10+4 = 84\). The element is Polonium (Po).
• 20. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{6}7s^{2}5f^{14}6d^{1}\):
• Total electrons \(2+2+6+2+6+2+10+6+2+10+6+2+14+10+6+2+14+1 = 103\). The element is Lawrencium (Lr).

Answer:

1. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{4}\)
2. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{3}\)
3. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}\)
4. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}\)
5. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{5}\)
6. \([Ne]3s^{2}3p^{2}\)
7. \([Ar]4s^{2}3d^{1}\)
8. \([Kr]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{3}\)
9. \([Xe]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{2}\)
10. \([Xe]6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{2}\)
11. Neon (Ne)
12. Chlorine (Cl)
13. Zinc (Zn)
14. Zirconium (Zr)
15. Mercury (Hg)
16. Calcium (Ca)
17. Tellurium (Te)
18. Zinc (Zn)
19. Polonium (Po)
20. Lawrencium (Lr)