Question

write the complete ground - state electron configuration of al³⁺. for multi - digit superscripts or coefficients, use each number in succession.

Explanation:

Step1: Determine the atomic number of Al

The atomic number of Al (aluminum) is 13. So, a neutral Al atom has 13 electrons.

Step2: Consider the charge of \(Al^{3 +}\)

Since \(Al^{3+}\) has a +3 charge, it has lost 3 electrons. So the number of electrons in \(Al^{3+}\) is \(13 - 3=10\) electrons.

Step3: Write the electron configuration

Using the Aufbau principle (filling electrons in order of increasing energy of orbitals: \(1s<2s < 2p<3s<3p<4s<3d\cdots\)), for 10 electrons:
The first 2 electrons go to the \(1s\) orbital (\(1s^{2}\)), the next 2 electrons go to the \(2s\) orbital (\(2s^{2}\)), and the remaining 6 electrons go to the \(2p\) orbital (\(2p^{6}\)).

Answer:

\(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}\)