Question

why do historians believe that chinas civilization developed later than others? geographic barriers limited migration lack of resources cultural isolation all of the above what advancements were made during the shang dynasty? development of gunpowder creation of a writing system introduction of democracy establishment of trade routes what right was adopted during the zhou dynasty? right to vote right to own land mandate of heaven

Explanation:

1. China's civilization did not develop later than others. But geographic barriers like deserts, mountains and seas limited migration, which could affect the pace of interaction and development compared to more accessible regions. Lack of resources is incorrect as China had abundant natural resources. Cultural isolation was also not a major factor for a 'later' development as there was some interaction. So the first - question answer is based on the most relevant incorrect - assumption option.
2. During the Shang dynasty, one of the major advancements was the creation of a writing system. Gunpowder was developed much later, democracy was not introduced in the Shang dynasty, and the establishment of trade routes was not a defining advancement of the Shang dynasty compared to the writing system.
3. The Zhou dynasty adopted the Mandate of Heaven, which was a political and religious concept justifying the ruler's power. The right to vote and right to own land in the modern sense were not concepts of the Zhou dynasty.

Answer:

1. A. Geographic barriers limited migration
2. B. Creation of a writing system
3. C. Mandate of Heaven