Question

when an atom gains or loses a number of electrons, it becomes a charged particle generally known as a(n)

Explanation:

An atom is neutral as it has equal number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge). When it gains electrons (more negative charge) it becomes a negatively - charged ion (anion) and when it loses electrons (more positive charge) it becomes a positively - charged ion (cation). The general term for a charged particle formed by an atom gaining or losing electrons is an ion.

Answer:

ion