Question

1. what is the term used to describe a political system in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments?

a) monarchy
b) confederation
c) federation
d) unitary state

1. who is the head of state in a parliamentary system?

a) president
b) prime minister
c) monarch
d) speaker of the house

1. which branch of government is responsible for making laws in a presidential system?

a) executive branch
b) legislative branch
c) judicial branch
d) bureaucratic branch

1. which political theorist introduced the concept of the “social contract”?

a) john locke
b) karl marx
c) jean - jacques rousseau
d) thomas hobbes

1. which type of electoral system allocates seats to political parties based on the percentage of votes they receive?

a) proportional representation
b) first - past - the - post
c) single transferable vote
d) mixed - member proportional

1. which term refers to the practice of granting favours or privileges in exchange for political support?

a) patronage
b) gerrymandering
c) lobbying
d) filibustering

1. which branch of government interprets the law and ensures its constitutionality?

a) executive branch
b) legislative branch
c) judicial branch
d) bureaucratic branch

1. which principle refers to the equal distribution of political power among different branches of government?

a) separation of powers
b) checks and balances
c) judicial review
d) rule of law

Explanation:

1. In a federation, power is divided between a central government and regional governments. A monarchy is a system with a king/queen, a confederation has weaker central power, and a unitary state has most power in the central government.
2. In a parliamentary system, the head of state is often a monarch (in constitutional monarchies like the UK). The prime minister is the head of government. The president is in a presidential system. The speaker of the house is a legislative position.
3. The legislative branch makes laws. The executive enforces them, the judicial interprets, and the bureaucratic is part of the executive's implementation.
4. Jean - Jacques Rousseau is known for the social contract concept. John Locke also had social contract ideas but Rousseau's is more distinct. Karl Marx is about class struggle, and Thomas Hobbes had a different social contract view.
5. Proportional representation allocates seats based on vote percentage. First - past - the - post is winner takes all, single transferable vote is more complex preferential, and mixed - member proportional is a combination.
6. Patronage is giving favours for political support. Gerrymandering is manipulating electoral districts, lobbying is influencing officials, and filibustering is delaying legislation.
7. The judicial branch interprets laws and checks constitutionality. The executive enforces, the legislative makes, and the bureaucratic is administrative.
8. Separation of powers is the equal distribution of power among branches. Checks and balances is about each branch limiting others, judicial review is a judicial power, and rule of law is about law supremacy.

Answer:

1. c) Federation
2. c) Monarch
3. b) Legislative branch
4. c) Jean - Jacques Rousseau
5. a) Proportional representation
6. a) Patronage
7. c) Judicial branch
8. a) Separation of powers